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Anatomy 1 > Mod 2 Quiz > Flashcards

Mod 2 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What are the three main functions of the respiratory system (anatomical organization)?
A

The anatomical organization of the respiratory system allows the respiratory system to perform three main functions: 1) Air conduction, 2) Air filtration, and 3) Exchange of Gases. (also called respiration)

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2
Q
  1. What are the three parts of the pharynx? (Review figure to label locations)
A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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3
Q
  1. Identify the hard palate vs. the soft palate
A

SEE FIGURES in module Hard Palate boney portion that separates the nasal and oral cavities which continues in to the Soft Palate which moves backwards when eating or drinking to prevent entry into nasal cavity.

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4
Q
  1. True or false: the rings that cover the trachea are a complete circle.
A

False: the cartilaginous rings of the trachea do not meet on the posterior side

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5
Q
  1. Label the following figure:
A

A. Larynx
B. Cartilaginous Rings
C. Bronchi
D. Left Lung
E. Bronchioles

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6
Q
  1. Label the following figure:
A

A. Epiglottis
B. Thyroid Cartilage
C. Larynx
D. Vocal Folds (True Vocal Cords)
E. Cricoid Cartilage
F. Trachea
G. Cartilaginous Rings of Trachea

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7
Q
  1. What important steps need to happen during the swallowing process to prevent aspiration?
A

1- The larynx rises and 2- the trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly, covering the trachea (to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs).

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8
Q
  1. Why does the soft palate elevate during swallowing?
A

The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing.

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9
Q
  1. What is the glottis?
A

An opening in the larynx where the vocal cords (vocal folds) are located.

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10
Q
  1. What is aspiration?
A

Food or liquid that accidentally enters the trachea (then lungs)

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11
Q
  1. True or False? The left lung has three lobes.
A

False. The left lung has two lobes. The right lung has three lobes.

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12
Q
  1. Name two functions of the pleura.
A

Facilitates movement of lungs with body wall. Enclose the lungs/pleural cavity.

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13
Q
  1. What is the major histology type in the respiratory system?
A

Ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

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14
Q
  1. What is the name of the “floor” of the epithelium in the respiratory tract?
A

Basement membrane

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15
Q
  1. Why are the cells in the respiratory epithelium called columnar cells?
A

“Rectangular” in shape; taller than they are wide

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16
Q
  1. What are the wine-glass shaped mucous-producing cells?
A

Goblet cells

17
Q
  1. Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found in the respiratory system?
A

Vestibule of the nose

18
Q
  1. Describe the purpose of surfactant.
A

Covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together during exhalation.

19
Q
  1. List and describe the two types of alveolar epithelium.
A

Type 1, Type II
Type I form the very thin simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli in junction with capillaries.
Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface to keep the alveoli open. In addition, Type II cells can divide to replace damaged Type I cells.

20
Q
  1. What is the most abundant cell found within the alveoli?
A

Alveolar macrophages

21
Q
  1. Be familiar with the diagram of the alveoli.
A
22
Q
  1. Explain the steps necessary for inhalation.
A

Negative pressure is used to move air into the lungs:
A negative pressure environment is created inside the lungs by the pleural space.
The motion of the rib cage: the rib cage lifts superiorly and anteriorly to open and expand the lungs.
The diaphragm: The diaphragm is flattened as it contracts, pulling the lungs open
As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases
Because air pressure outside of the lungs is now greater than inside (where there is negative pressure), air will naturally flow into the lungs

23
Q
  1. What is meant that “negative pressure” is created inside the lungs?
A

This means that the pressure inside this space is less than that of the atmosphere, allowing air to naturally flow into the lungs.

24
Q
  1. True or false: Exhalation is an active process.
A

Exhalation (or expiration) passively occurs. When the rib cage is lowered and the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and therefore air moves out of the lungs where the pressure is lower.

25
Q
  1. What is the function of hemoglobin?
A

Hemoglobin combines with the oxygen entering the blood to carry the oxygen in the blood system from the lungs to the cells of the tissues.

26
Q
  1. What muscle is largely responsible for providing movement for respiration?
A

The diaphragm

27
Q
  1. Ultimately gas exchange occurs where?
A

Respiratory bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli

28
Q
  1. Most of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in what form?
A

Bicarbonate ion

29
Q
  1. Boyle’s law states what?
A

Gas volume is inversely proportional to pressure.

30
Q
  1. There are three gases in a tank. The partial pressure of the first is 120 mmHg, the pressure of the second is 320 mmHg. What is the partial pressure of the third at 1 atm?
A

120 mmHg + 320 mmHg = 440 mmHg. 760 mmHg - 440 mmHg =320 mm Hg. (The answer is 320 mm Hg) **Remember that 1 atm = 760

31
Q
  1. This law helps explain why warming the air is beneficial to the respiratory system.
A

Charles’s Law

32
Q
  1. This is the amount of air able to be exhaled beyond normal exhalation.
A

Expiratory reserve volume (typically around 1200mL)

33
Q
  1. This is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle of quiet breathing.
A

Tidal Volume

34
Q
  1. What is cystic fibrosis?
A

A serious genetic disease of excretory glands, affecting lungs and other organs; it causes production of very thick mucus that interferes with normal digestion and breathing.

35
Q
  1. What is pulmonary edema?
A

An accumulation of fluid in the lungs

Anatomy 1 (22 decks)

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