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Anatomy 1 > 3.2: Anatomy of the Mouth, Pharynx, & Esophagus > Flashcards

3.2: Anatomy of the Mouth, Pharynx, & Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

The beginning of the gastrointestinal tract is the______.

A

Mouth

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2
Q

What are the structures that make up the mouth?

A

-Lips: form the opening
-Tongue: forms the floor
-Cheeks: form the wall
-Hard and Soft palates: form the roof
-Uvula: forms the posterior border

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3
Q

The ______ is a process that hangs inferiorly from its attachment to the soft palate.

A

uvula

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4
Q

The tongue is a ___1___, and like all ___1___, it attaches to other structures so it can contract for movement. The tongue’s attachments are the ___2___, the ___3___, and the ___4___.

A
  1. Muscle(s)
  2. hyoid bone
  3. mandible
  4. lingual frenulum
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5
Q

The ______ is the vertical mucous membrane by which the body of the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth.

A

lingual frenulum

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6
Q

What is the Lingual Frenulum?

A

The vertical mucous membrane by which the body of the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth.

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7
Q
A

Midsagittal view of the oral cavity to the trachea

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8
Q

The work of the digestive system begins when what happens?

A

food enters the mouth

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9
Q

Mechanically, food is chewed by the teeth in the mouth, a process known as ______.

A

mastication

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10
Q

Food is ______ with saliva from the salivary glands.

A

mixed and moistened

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11
Q

The salivary glands contain enzymes, ___1___ specifically, that begin the process of chemical digestion by breaking down ___2___.

A
  1. amylase
  2. starches
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12
Q

There are a set of how many teeth in the human mouth?

A

32

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13
Q

The upper arch of teeth is located within the ______.

A

maxilla

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14
Q

The movable, lower ______ contains the lower arch of teeth.

A

mandible

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15
Q

There are how many different types of teeth to accommodate both a vegetable and meat diet?

A

4 different types of teeth

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16
Q

One-half of each jaw has two chisel-shaped ______ for biting.

A

incisors

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17
Q

One pointed ______ for tearing.

A

canine

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18
Q

Two increasingly flat ______ for grinding.

A

pre-molars

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19
Q

Three flat ______ for crushing.

A

molars

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20
Q
A

Upper arch of teeth, right side teeth labeled

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21
Q
A

Lower arch of teeth, right side labeled

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22
Q

Each tooth is made of how many main parts? What are they?

A

Crown
Neck
Root

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23
Q

The ___1___ is the largest portion of each tooth and is located within the ___2___ of the jaw bone.

A
  1. Root
  2. Alveolar Process
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24
Q

The ___1___ is located within the upper portion of the gums know as the ___2___.

A
  1. Neck
  2. Gingiva
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25
Q

The ___1___ is the visible portion of the tooth and lies above the ___2___.

A
  1. Crown
  2. Gum Line
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26
Q

At the center of each tooth is a ___1___, which contains ___2___ and ___3___.

A
  1. Pulp Cavity
  2. Nerves
  3. Blood Vessels
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27
Q

______ allows for sensations of heat, cold, and pain in teeth.

A

Nervous innervation

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28
Q

______ is a bone-like substance composing most of each tooth.

A

Dentin

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29
Q

What is Dentin?

A

Dentin is a bone-like substance composing most of each tooth.

30
Q

Where is Enamel located?

A

Enamel is located on the surface of the crown.

31
Q

______ is very hard connective tissue that protects the rest of the tooth.

32
Q
A

Cross section of a tooth. Note that the crown lies above the gum line. Most of a tooth (the root) sits inside the alveolar process of the bone

33
Q
A

Alveolar process of the lower jaw (mandible) are visible with the molars removed

34
Q

The ___1___ grips the food and constantly repositions it between the teeth, forming it into a compact mass called a ___2___.

A
  1. Tongue
  2. Bolus
35
Q

The tongue pushes the bolus back to the ______ to begin the process of swallowing.

36
Q

______ are raised bumps on the tongue.

37
Q

How many different types of papillae are there? What are they?

A

Circumvallate
Fungiform
Filiform

38
Q

Papillae help to do what?

A

Papillae help to grip food on the tongue

39
Q

___1___ and ___2___ papillae both contain taste buds.

A
  1. Circumvallate
  2. fungiform
40
Q

______ are chemical receptors that are stimulated by the chemical composition of food.

A

Taste buds

41
Q

What are taste bubs?

A

Chemical receptors that are stimulated by the chemical composition of food.

42
Q

Where can Tastes Buds be found?

A

They are found primarily on the tongue as well as on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the pharynx.

43
Q
A

The tongue contains taste buds as well as the surface of the mouth and the wall of the pharynx. The tongue is responsible for manipulating food within the oral cavity to form a bolus. The frenulum (highlighted in blue) attaches the body of the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

44
Q
A

Cross section of tongue with view of the three types of papillae (circumvallate, fungiform and filiform). Taste buds (highlighted in blue) are located within circumvallate and fungiform papillae.

45
Q

The ______ connects the mouth to the esophagus and is also known as the throat.

46
Q

The Pharynx is also known as what?

A

The Throat

47
Q

The Pharynx is made up of what parts?

A

-nasopharynx (where air enters the nose or nasal cavity)
-oropharynx
-laryngopharynx

48
Q

The pharynx has how many types of skeletal muscles? What are they?

A

-Outer circumferential layer
-inner longitudinal layer

49
Q

What do the two layers of skeletal muscles in the pharynx (the circumferential outer layer and the inner longitudinal layer) do?

A

These two layers of muscles contract alternatively causing peristalsis which squeezes food into the esophagus.

50
Q

The Pharynx Skeletal Muscles contract alternatively causing ______ which squeezes food into the esophagus.

A

peristalsis

51
Q
A

The pharynx is comprised of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

52
Q

Air enters the nose, continues through the ___1___, then to the ___2___, and then to the ___3___, but then enters the ___4___ on its way to the lungs.

A
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. laryngopharynx
  4. trachea
53
Q

Food and liquid enter the mouth, continue through to the ___1___ and then to the ___2___, but then continue into the ___3___.

A
  1. oropharynx
  2. laryngopharynx
  3. esophagus
54
Q

Food is usually prevented from entering the larynx by the ______, a flap of elastic cartilage that covers the larynx when swallowing food or liquid.

A

epiglottis

55
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

A flap of elastic cartilage that covers the larynx when swallowing food or liquid.

56
Q

What does the body do in response if food or liquid enters the larynx?

A

Coughing clears the larynx. Coughing is the body’s way of preventing aspiration of food or liquid into the lungs.

57
Q

What can aspiration lead to?

A

Aspiration of food or liquid into the lungs can cause aspiration pneumonia.

58
Q

The ______ extends from the pharynx to the stomach, travelling through an opening in the diaphragm on its way to the stomach.

59
Q

The esophagus extends from the ___1___ to the ___2___, travelling through an opening in the ___3___ on its way to the ___2___.

A
  1. pharynx
  2. stomach
  3. diaphragm
60
Q

The Esophagus is a muscular tube, containing ___1___ layers of tissue of the same types found in the ___2___, ___3___, and ___2___.

A
  1. 4
  2. Stomach
  3. Small Intestine
  4. Large Intestine
61
Q

The first or innermost layer of the Esophagus is the ______.

62
Q

The ______ secretes mucus into the interior the gastrointestinal tract.

63
Q

The second layer of the Esophagus is the ______.

64
Q

The ______layer contains blood and lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and mucous glands.

65
Q

The third layer of the Esophagus is the ______.

A

Muscularis Externa

66
Q

The ______ is made of two layers of muscle: the outer longitudinal fibers and inner circumferential fibers.

A

Muscularis Externa

67
Q

The Muscularis Externa is made up of how many layers of muscle? What are they?

A

outer longitudinal fibers
inner circumferential fibers

68
Q

The fourth and outermost layer of the Esophagus is the ______. made up of cells that make serous fluid.

69
Q

The ______ is made up of cells that make serous fluid.

70
Q
A

Cross section of the four layers of the digestive tract from the esophagus to the large intestine: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.

Anatomy 1 (22 decks)

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