4.4: Joints and Ligaments Flashcards
Bones are joined at the joints, which are classified as ___1___, ___2___, and ___3___.
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial.
______ joints, such as those between the cranial bones, are immovable.
Fibrous
______ joints, such as those between the vertebrae, are slightly movable.
Cartilaginous
The vertebrae are also separated by disks, which increase ______.
their flexibility
The pelvic bones are slightly movable because they are anteriorly joined by ______.
fibrous cartilage, the pubic symphysis
Due to hormonal changes, this joint becomes more flexible during late pregnancy, allowing the pelvis to expand during childbirth.
the pubic symphysis
Most joints are what type of joint?
freely movable synovial joints
______ are joints in which bones are separated by a joint cavity.
synovial joints
______, composed of fibrous connective tissue, bind the bones together.
Ligaments
The ligaments hold the bones in place as they form a ______.
joint capsule
The joint capsule is lined by ___1___, which produces ___2___, a lubricant for the joint.
- synovial membrane
- synovial fluid
Synovial joints are freely movable and are separated by a joint cavity.
There are how many different types of synovial (movable) joints? What are they?
- Hinge Joint
- Ball-and-Socket Joint
- Saddle Joint
- Pivot Joint
The knee and elbow joints are ______ joints, which largely permit movement in one direction only.
hinge
______ joints allow movement in all planes and even a rotational movement. Examples are the hip (femur into the pelvis) and the shoulder joint.
Ball-and-socket
The ______ joint allows the thumb to freely cross over the palm.
saddle
A ______ joint allows for rotational movement. This joint allows rotation of the vertebrae in the cervical spine (C1 and C2)
pivot
The clavicle connects to the ___1___ anteriorly and to the ___2___ posteriorly (via the acromioclavicular ligament).
- manubrium of the sternum
- acromion process of the scapula
The ______ ligament joins the sternum with the clavicle.
sternoclavicular
True or False: Often, a ligament is named for the two bone landmarks that it connects.
True
The ______ ligament joins the coracoid process of the scapula to the clavicle.
coracoclavicular
The ______ ligament joins the coracoid process to the acromion of the scapula.
coracoacromial
The ______ ligament surrounds the head of the humerus and anchors it to the scapula.
capsular(articular capsule)
The ______ ligament connects the head of the humerus to the coracoid process of the scapula.
coracohumeral
The rotator cuff tendons help to ______ so that the head of the humerus is stabilized within the joint.
limit the movement at the shoulder
Anterior view of the left shoulder joint and associated ligaments (connecting the scapula, clavicle, and humerus)
The hip joint is a ______ joint, where the head of the femur articulates with the pelvis at the acetabulum
ball and socket
Posteriorly, the pelvis is held to the sacrum by what 3 ligaments?
- iliolumbar ligament
- anterior sacroiliac ligament
- posterior sacroiliac ligament
The______ ligament holds the ASIS of the ilium to the pubic bone.
ilioinguinal
The ______ ligament attaches the femur to the ilium.
iliofemoral
The ______ ligament connects the sacrum to each side of the uterus in females
uterosacral
The pelvis and femur articulate at the hip joint. The pelvis contains many ligaments to hold it to the sacrum (posteriorly) and the internal organs.
In the knee there are crescent-shaped pieces of cartilage called ______, which give added stability for the femur to articulate with the tibia.
menisci
The ___1___ and ___2___ collateral ligaments stabilize the sides of the knee.
- medial (tibial) also known as MCL
- lateral (fibular) also known as LCL
The interior of the knee joint contains the ___1___ and ___2___.
- anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- posterior cruciate ligaments (PCL)
The knee joint also contains ___1___ fluid-filled sacs called ______, which ease friction between tendons, ligaments, and bones.
- 13
- bursae
Inflammation of the bursae in a joint is called ______.
bursitis
Anterior view of the left knee joint ligaments
Posterior view of the left knee joint. ACL (blue) is the anterior cruciate ligament. The PCL is the posterior cruciate ligament.
______ligament - connecting the anterior vertebral bodies
Anterior longitudinal ligament
______ligament - connecting the posterior the vertebral bodies
Posterior longitudinal ligament
______ligaments - connects the spinous process of two adjacent vertebrae
Interspinous ligaments
Supraspinous ligament - connects the posterior portion of the spinous processes
Supraspinous ligament - connects the posterior portion of the spinous processes
There are ______ between the vertebrae that act as a kind of padding. They prevent the vertebrae from grinding against one another and absorb shock caused by movements such as running, jumping, and even walking. The presence of the disks allows motion between the vertebrae so that we can bend forward, backward, and from side to side without the vertebrae touching.
intervertebral discs
True or False: Disks tend to become weakened with age and may slip or even rupture.
True
If the posterior longitudinal ligament becomes weakened, the center portion of the disc may bulge into the vertebral foramen, called a ______.
herniated disc
What is a herniated dis?
When the posterior longitudinal ligament becomes weakened, the center portion of the disc may bulge into the vertebral foramen
Posterior view of the components of a typical vertebra. Note the ligaments along the anterior, lateral, and posterior sides of the vertebral column.
