4.2: Anatomy of the Skeleton Part II: The Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

The ______ skeleton consists of the bones within the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the attached limbs.

Answer 1

appendicular

Question 2

The ___1___ and ___2___ are specialized for flexibility and increased range of motion, while the ___3___ and ___4___ are specialized for strength.

Answer 2

1. pectoral (shoulder) girdle
2. upper limbs (arms)
3. pelvic girdle
4. lower limbs

Question 3

The pectoral (shoulder) girdle and upper limbs (arms) are specialized for what?

Answer 3

flexibility and increased range of motion

Question 4

The pelvic girdle and lower limbs are specialized for what?

Answer 4

strength

Question 5

What is being shown in the picture?

Answer 5

The appendicular skeleton (blue) consists of the pectoral girdles, pelvic girdles, and all four limbs.

Question 6

The pectoral girdle, also known as the shoulder girdle, is composed of two ___1___ and two ___2___.

Answer 6

1. clavicles
2. scapulae

Question 7

Each clavicle (collarbone) connects with the ___1___ anteriorly and the ___2___ posteriorly.

Answer 7

1. sternum
2. scapula (shoulder blade)

Question 8

The scapula is freely movable and held in place only by ___1___ and ___2___.

Answer 8

1. muscles
2. ligaments

Question 9

Answer 9

Posterior view of clavicular and scapular attachment through ligaments.

Question 10

The posterior side of the scapula contains the ___1___ fossa, ___2___ fossa, and ___3___ spine.

Answer 10

1. supraspinatus
2. infraspinatus
3. scapular

Question 11

The ______ process projects from the scapular spine, which can be seen from both the posterior and anterior views.

Answer 11

acromion

Question 12

The acromion process connects to the clavicle ______.

Answer 12

anteriorly

Question 13

The neck of the scapula on the lateral side contains the ______, where the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula.

Answer 13

glenoid cavity

Question 14

The anterior side of the scapula contains the ______ fossa.

Answer 14

subscapular

Question 15

The coracoid process projects anteriorly from the scapula, allowing for ______.

Answer 15

muscular attachment

Question 16

Answer 16

Posterior view of right scapula. Major bone landmarks on the posterior side of the scapula are colored for clarity.

Question 17

Answer 17

Anterior view of right scapula. Major bone landmarks on the scapula are colored for clarity.

Question 18

The single long bone in the upper arm, the ______, has a smoothly rounded head that fits into a socket of the scapula at the glenoid cavity.

Answer 18

humerus

Question 19

True or False: The glenoid cavity is very shallow and much smaller than the head of the humerus.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The humerus needs to be held to the shallow glenoid cavity by the ___1___ and ___2___.

Answer 20

1. rotator cuff muscles
2. other ligaments

Question 21

The structure of the shoulder permits movement of the arm in almost any direction but provides little ______.

Answer 21

stability

Question 22

The ______ joint is prone to dislocation because it is held in place primarily by muscular and ligament attachment with very little bony stability.

Answer 22

gleno-humeral

Question 23

Dislocation of a joint means what?

Answer 23

Dislocation of a joint means that the bone is removed from its socket.

Question 24

Dislocation of the shoulder occurs when what happens?

Answer 24

Dislocation of the shoulder occurs when the head of the humerus is removed from the glenoid cavity in any direction.

Question 25

Answer 25

Anterior view of the humerus, radius, and ulna. Note the radius and ulna are uncrossed in anatomical position.

Question 26

The humerus is comprised of what 5 parts?

Answer 26

head neck shaft capitulum trochlea

Question 27

The ______ articulates with a small portion of the radius.

Answer 27

capitulum

Question 28

The ______ articulates with the ulna.

Answer 28

trochlea

Question 29

The ______ of the humerus can be palpated on the medial side of the arm at the elbow.

Answer 29

medial epicondyle

Question 30

The ______ of the humerus can be palpated on the lateral side of the arm at the elbow.

Answer 30

lateral epicondyle

Question 31

Answer 31

Anterior view of the right humerus. Bone landmarks are colored for clarity.

Question 32

The distal end of the humerus meets the two bones of the lower arm, the ___1___ and ___2___, at the elbow.

Answer 32

1. Ulna 2. Radius

Question 33

The ______ process of the ulna is the prominent bone that can be palpated in the elbow posteriorly.

Answer 33

olecranon

Question 34

Answer 34

Posterior view of the right humerus, radius, and ulna.

Question 35

The many bones of the hand increase its ______.

Answer 35

flexibility

Question 36

The wrist has eight _____ bones, which look like small pebbles.

Answer 36

carpal

Question 37

The wrist has how many carpal bones?

Answer 37

8

Question 38

The proximal row of carpal bones (from lateral to medial) are what?

Answer 38

1. scaphoid 2. lunate 3. triquetral 4. pisiform

Question 39

The distal row of carpal bones (from lateral to medial) are what?

Answer 39

1. trapezium 2. trapezoid 3. capitate 4. hamate.

Question 40

From the carpal bones, how many metacarpal bones fan out to form a framework for the palm?

Answer 40

5

Question 41

From the carpal bones, five _____ bones fan out to form a framework for the palm.

Answer 41

metacarpal

Question 42

Answer 42

Anterior view of the bones left hand: eight carpal bones, five metacarpals, five proximal phalanges, four middle phalanges, and five distal phalanges. (Note: The thumb does not have a middle phalanx.)

Question 43

The first metacarpal is the ___1___, and the fifth metacarpal is the ___2___.

Answer 43

1. thumb 2. pinky

Question 44

______ is a term that refers to either fingers or toes.

Answer 44

Digits

Question 45

Beyond the metacarpals are the ______, the bones of the fingers and the thumb.

Answer 45

phalanges

Question 46

The thumb, or first digit, is composed of ___1___phalanges, while all other digits have ___2___. (how many)

Answer 46

1. 2 2. 3

Question 47

Answer 47

Distal, middle, proximal phalanges; metacarpals and carpals of the left hand.

Question 48

The pelvic girdle consists of two heavy, large ______ bones

Answer 48

coxal

Question 49

The ______ consists of two heavy, large coxal bones.

Answer 49

pelvic girdle

Question 50

The ______ are anchored to the sacrum posteriorly via a network of ligaments.

Answer 50

coxal bones

Question 51

The coxal bones, also called ______ bones.

Answer 51

ossa coxae or innominate

Question 52

The coxal bones are symmetrical and formed by the fusion of what three bones?

Answer 52

the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Question 53

The ilium is the most superior of the sections and can be palpated on the ______ sides of the hips.

Answer 53

lateral

Question 54

The ___1___ bones are also known as the “___2___” bones as these are the bony landmarks that can be felt when sitting upright in a chair.

Answer 54

1. ischium 2. sits

Question 55

The ______ forms the center anteriorly, connected by the pubic symphysis.

Answer 55

pubis

Question 56

Answer 56

Anterior view of the pelvis and several bone landmarks. The ischium are highlighted in blue.

Question 57

What does ASIS stand for?

Answer 57

anterior superior iliac spine

Question 58

What does AIIS stand for?

Answer 58

anterior inferior iliac spine

Question 59

Answer 59

Interior view of the right innominate bone. Bone landmark regions are colored for clarification.

Question 60

The ______ is wider in females than in males.

Answer 60

pubic arch

Question 61

The pubic arch is ______ in females than in males.

Answer 61

wider

Question 62

The pubic brim, also known as the pelvic outlet, is shaped more like a ___1___ in males and an ___2___ in females.

Answer 62

1. circle 2. oval

Question 63

The ______, is shaped more like a circle in males and an oval in females.

Answer 63

pubic brim, also known as the pelvic outlet

Question 64

Answer 64

Anatomical differences in the male and female pelvic girdle.

Question 65

The largest, longest single bone in the body is the ______.

Answer 65

femur

Question 66

The head of the femur articulates with the pelvic girdle at the ______, called the hip joint.

Answer 66

acetabulum

Question 67

Answer 67

Posterior view of the right femur. Bone landmarks are colored for clarification.

Question 68

The ______ sits anteriorly to the femur, formed within the quadriceps femoris tendon.

Answer 68

patella

Question 69

In the lower leg, there are two bones what are they?

Answer 69

the tibia (medial) fibula (lateral).

Question 70

The larger of the two lower leg bones, the ______, has a ridge that can be easily palpated anteriorly.

Answer 70

tibia

Question 71

Both bones of the lower leg have a prominence that contributes to the ankle, the ___1___ of the tibia on the medial side of the ankle and the ___2___ of the fibula on the lateral side of the ankle.

Answer 71

1. medial malleolus 2. lateral malleolus

Question 72

Answer 72

Anterior view of the right lower leg. The medial and lateral condyles are located on the tibia.

Question 73

There are seven tarsal bones that make up the ankle what are they?

Answer 73

medial cuneiform intermediate cuneiform lateral cuneiform navicular cuboid talus calcaneus.

Question 74

Five ______ bones span the distance between the ankle and toes.

Answer 74

Metatarsal

Question 75

how many metatarsal bones span the distance between the ankle and toes?

Answer 75

5

Question 76

The foot has longitudinal arches from the heel to the toes and a transverse arch across the foot what does this provide the body?

Answer 76

These provide a stable, springy base for the body.

Question 77

______ is a condition that is likely to occur if the tissues binding the metatarsals together become weakened.

Answer 77

Flat feet

Question 78

The bones of the toes are called ______, just like those of the fingers.

Answer 78

phalanges

Question 79

The ___1___ also called the ___2___, is the first metatarsal.

Answer 79

1. great toe 2. hallux

Question 80

Like the thumb, the great toe only has a ___1___ and ___2___phalanx.

Answer 80

1. distal 2. proximal

Question 81

Answer 81

Superior view of the bones left foot: seven tarsal bones, five metatarsals, five proximal phalanges, four middle phalanges, and five distal phalanges. (Note: The great toe does not have a middle phalanx.)