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Anatomy 1 > 4.2: Anatomy of the Skeleton Part II: The Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

4.2: Anatomy of the Skeleton Part II: The Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

The ______ skeleton consists of the bones within the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the attached limbs.

A

appendicular

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2
Q

The ___1___ and ___2___ are specialized for flexibility and increased range of motion, while the ___3___ and ___4___ are specialized for strength.

A
  1. pectoral (shoulder) girdle
  2. upper limbs (arms)
  3. pelvic girdle
  4. lower limbs
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3
Q

The pectoral (shoulder) girdle and upper limbs (arms) are specialized for what?

A

flexibility and increased range of motion

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4
Q

The pelvic girdle and lower limbs are specialized for what?

A

strength

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5
Q

What is being shown in the picture?

A

The appendicular skeleton (blue) consists of the pectoral girdles, pelvic girdles, and all four limbs.

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6
Q

The pectoral girdle, also known as the shoulder girdle, is composed of two ___1___ and two ___2___.

A
  1. clavicles
  2. scapulae
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7
Q

Each clavicle (collarbone) connects with the ___1___ anteriorly and the ___2___ posteriorly.

A
  1. sternum
  2. scapula (shoulder blade)
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8
Q

The scapula is freely movable and held in place only by ___1___ and ___2___.

A
  1. muscles
  2. ligaments
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9
Q
A

Posterior view of clavicular and scapular attachment through ligaments.

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10
Q

The posterior side of the scapula contains the ___1___ fossa, ___2___ fossa, and ___3___ spine.

A
  1. supraspinatus
  2. infraspinatus
  3. scapular
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11
Q

The ______ process projects from the scapular spine, which can be seen from both the posterior and anterior views.

A

acromion

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12
Q

The acromion process connects to the clavicle ______.

A

anteriorly

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13
Q

The neck of the scapula on the lateral side contains the ______, where the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula.

A

glenoid cavity

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14
Q

The anterior side of the scapula contains the ______ fossa.

A

subscapular

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15
Q

The coracoid process projects anteriorly from the scapula, allowing for ______.

A

muscular attachment

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16
Q
A

Posterior view of right scapula. Major bone landmarks on the posterior side of the scapula are colored for clarity.

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17
Q
A

Anterior view of right scapula. Major bone landmarks on the scapula are colored for clarity.

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18
Q

The single long bone in the upper arm, the ______, has a smoothly rounded head that fits into a socket of the scapula at the glenoid cavity.

A

humerus

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19
Q

True or False: The glenoid cavity is very shallow and much smaller than the head of the humerus.

A

True

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20
Q

The humerus needs to be held to the shallow glenoid cavity by the ___1___ and ___2___.

A
  1. rotator cuff muscles
  2. other ligaments
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21
Q

The structure of the shoulder permits movement of the arm in almost any direction but provides little ______.

A

stability

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22
Q

The ______ joint is prone to dislocation because it is held in place primarily by muscular and ligament attachment with very little bony stability.

A

gleno-humeral

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23
Q

Dislocation of a joint means what?

A

Dislocation of a joint means that the bone is removed from its socket.

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24
Q

Dislocation of the shoulder occurs when what happens?

A

Dislocation of the shoulder occurs when the head of the humerus is removed from the glenoid cavity in any direction.

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25
Q
A

Anterior view of the humerus, radius, and ulna. Note the radius and ulna are uncrossed in anatomical position.

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26
Q

The humerus is comprised of what 5 parts?

A

head
neck
shaft
capitulum
trochlea

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27
Q

The ______ articulates with a small portion of the radius.

A

capitulum

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28
Q

The ______ articulates with the ulna.

A

trochlea

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29
Q

The ______ of the humerus can be palpated on the medial side of the arm at the elbow.

A

medial epicondyle

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30
Q

The ______ of the humerus can be palpated on the lateral side of the arm at the elbow.

A

lateral epicondyle

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31
Q
A

Anterior view of the right humerus. Bone landmarks are colored for clarity.

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32
Q

The distal end of the humerus meets the two bones of the lower arm, the ___1___ and ___2___, at the elbow.

A
  1. Ulna
  2. Radius
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33
Q

The ______ process of the ulna is the prominent bone that can be palpated in the elbow posteriorly.

A

olecranon

34
Q
A

Posterior view of the right humerus, radius, and ulna.

35
Q

The many bones of the hand increase its ______.

A

flexibility

36
Q

The wrist has eight _____ bones, which look like small pebbles.

A

carpal

37
Q

The wrist has how many carpal bones?

A

8

38
Q

The proximal row of carpal bones (from lateral to medial) are what?

A
  1. scaphoid
  2. lunate
  3. triquetral
  4. pisiform
39
Q

The distal row of carpal bones (from lateral to medial) are what?

A
  1. trapezium
  2. trapezoid
  3. capitate
  4. hamate.
40
Q

From the carpal bones, how many metacarpal bones fan out to form a framework for the palm?

A

5

41
Q

From the carpal bones, five _____ bones fan out to form a framework for the palm.

A

metacarpal

42
Q
A

Anterior view of the bones left hand: eight carpal bones, five metacarpals, five proximal phalanges, four middle phalanges, and five distal phalanges. (Note: The thumb does not have a middle phalanx.)

43
Q

The first metacarpal is the ___1___, and the fifth metacarpal is the ___2___.

A
  1. thumb
  2. pinky
44
Q

______ is a term that refers to either fingers or toes.

A

Digits

45
Q

Beyond the metacarpals are the ______, the bones of the fingers and the thumb.

A

phalanges

46
Q

The thumb, or first digit, is composed of ___1___phalanges, while all other digits have ___2___. (how many)

A
  1. 2
  2. 3
47
Q
A

Distal, middle, proximal phalanges; metacarpals and carpals of the left hand.

48
Q

The pelvic girdle consists of two heavy, large ______ bones

A

coxal

49
Q

The ______ consists of two heavy, large coxal bones.

A

pelvic girdle

50
Q

The ______ are anchored to the sacrum posteriorly via a network of ligaments.

A

coxal bones

51
Q

The coxal bones, also called ______ bones.

A

ossa coxae or innominate

52
Q

The coxal bones are symmetrical and formed by the fusion of what three bones?

A

the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

53
Q

The ilium is the most superior of the sections and can be palpated on the ______ sides of the hips.

A

lateral

54
Q

The ___1___ bones are also known as the “___2___” bones as these are the bony landmarks that can be felt when sitting upright in a chair.

A
  1. ischium
  2. sits
55
Q

The ______ forms the center anteriorly, connected by the pubic symphysis.

A

pubis

56
Q
A

Anterior view of the pelvis and several bone landmarks. The ischium are highlighted in blue.

57
Q

What does ASIS stand for?

A

anterior superior iliac spine

58
Q

What does AIIS stand for?

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

59
Q
A

Interior view of the right innominate bone. Bone landmark regions are colored for clarification.

60
Q

The ______ is wider in females than in males.

A

pubic arch

61
Q

The pubic arch is ______ in females than in males.

A

wider

62
Q

The pubic brim, also known as the pelvic outlet, is shaped more like a ___1___ in males and an ___2___ in females.

A
  1. circle
  2. oval
63
Q

The ______, is shaped more like a circle in males and an oval in females.

A

pubic brim, also known as the pelvic outlet

64
Q
A

Anatomical differences in the male and female pelvic girdle.

65
Q

The largest, longest single bone in the body is the ______.

A

femur

66
Q

The head of the femur articulates with the pelvic girdle at the ______, called the hip joint.

A

acetabulum

67
Q
A

Posterior view of the right femur. Bone landmarks are colored for clarification.

68
Q

The ______ sits anteriorly to the femur, formed within the quadriceps femoris tendon.

A

patella

69
Q

In the lower leg, there are two bones what are they?

A

the tibia (medial)
fibula (lateral).

70
Q

The larger of the two lower leg bones, the ______, has a ridge that can be easily palpated anteriorly.

A

tibia

71
Q

Both bones of the lower leg have a prominence that contributes to the ankle, the ___1___ of the tibia on the medial side of the ankle and the ___2___ of the fibula on the lateral side of the ankle.

A
  1. medial malleolus
  2. lateral malleolus
72
Q
A

Anterior view of the right lower leg. The medial and lateral condyles are located on the tibia.

73
Q

There are seven tarsal bones that make up the ankle what are they?

A

medial cuneiform
intermediate cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
navicular
cuboid
talus
calcaneus.

74
Q

Five ______ bones span the distance between the ankle and toes.

A

Metatarsal

75
Q

how many metatarsal bones span the distance between the ankle and toes?

A

5

76
Q

The foot has longitudinal arches from the heel to the toes and a transverse arch across the foot what does this provide the body?

A

These provide a stable, springy base for the body.

77
Q

______ is a condition that is likely to occur if the tissues binding the metatarsals together become weakened.

A

Flat feet

78
Q

The bones of the toes are called ______, just like those of the fingers.

A

phalanges

79
Q

The ___1___ also called the ___2___, is the first metatarsal.

A
  1. great toe
  2. hallux
80
Q

Like the thumb, the great toe only has a ___1___ and ___2___phalanx.

A
  1. distal
  2. proximal
81
Q
A

Superior view of the bones left foot: seven tarsal bones, five metatarsals, five proximal phalanges, four middle phalanges, and five distal phalanges. (Note: The great toe does not have a middle phalanx.)

Anatomy 1 (22 decks)

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