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MRCPSYCH_Paper B_MENTOR & More_Dr. ART > Misc. - 3 > Flashcards

Misc. - 3 Flashcards

1
Q

how do hypnotic work

A

modulating gaba

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2
Q

which GABA receptors will hypnotic work on?

A

BZ1 - sedative effects
BZ2- Myoreluxant - anticonvulsant
BZ3- Anxiolytic

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3
Q

difference between old benzodiazepine and z- drug binding?

A

old benzo - all three types of receptors (B1-B3)
z-drugs only B1 (sedative)

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4
Q

types of benzo

A

hypnotic
anxiolytic

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5
Q

effect of benzo on sleep

A

suppress REM

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6
Q

common side effects of benzo

A

numbed emotions
diplopia
muscle weakness
fatigue
ataxia
dizziness
headache
reduce alertness
drowsiness

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7
Q

Half life of Diazepin

A

20-100
20(D)1(i)00zepin

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8
Q

Half life of Clonazepine

A

18-50

colonized in 1850

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9
Q

Half life of chlordiazepoxide

A

5-30

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10
Q

Half life of Nitrazepam

A

15-38
Nitra was 15 when her mom, 38, left her.

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11
Q

Half life of Tema

A

8-22
temam 8-22

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12
Q

Lorazepam

A

10-20

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13
Q

ALpra

A

10-15

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14
Q

Oxazepam

A

6-10

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15
Q

Zopiclone

A

5-6
at zobh (morning) effect is gone

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16
Q

Zolpidem

A

2
Zolm use (arabic)

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17
Q

Zaleplon

A

2

Zalem use (arabic)

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18
Q

max duration of benzo Rx

A

2-4 week

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19
Q

tapering recommendation

A

5-10% every 1-2 weeks
1/8th of the daily dose every 2 weeks

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20
Q

pscychological symptoms with benzo withdrawal

A

anxiety
insomnia
nightmares
depersonalisation
decr. memory and concentration
delusion & hallucination
Depression

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21
Q

physical symptoms of benzo withdrawal

A

stiffness
weakness
GI disturbance
paraesthesia
flu-like symptoms
visual disturbance

22
Q

contraindication of zopiclone

A

Marked neuromuscular respiratory weakness:

Myasthenia gravis
Resp. failure
Severe Sleep apnoea syndrome
Breast feeding

23
Q

side effect of zopiclone

A

metalic taste
heartburn
lightening of sleep on withdrawal

24
Q

side effects of melatonin

A
  • somnolence
    Fatigue
    Mood swings
    headache
    irritability
    aggression
    hangover
25
Q

what is daridorexant

A

orexin receptor antagonist recommended by NICE

26
Q

what receptors daridorexant work on

A

orexin 1 & 2 receptors

27
Q

what do orexin A &B neuropeptide do naturally?

A

promote wakefulnesss

28
Q

do daridorexant change sleep cylce proportion

A

no!

29
Q

contraindication of daridorexant?

A

narcolepsy

30
Q

daridorexant side effects

A

somnolence & headache

31
Q

what does CT scan uses?

A

Ionising x-ray radiation

32
Q

how do tissues can be distinguished on CT scan?

A
  • Air : least attenuate x-ray so appears Black
    -Bone: max attenutae x-ray so appear white
33
Q

how can you difference CT machine from an MRI?

A

CT has a thinner structure

34
Q

How does MRI works?

A

capitalises on the inherent magnetic properties of tissues.

Especially hydrogen nuclei, which are protons, in tissues’ water.

35
Q

what do T1 & T2 represent in MRI?

A

T1 - How quickly the hydrogen magnetic moments realign with the main magnetic field.

T2- How quickly these moments lose phase coherence with each other and disperse in the transverse plane.

36
Q

what does DTI do?

A

visualizes white matter tracts

37
Q

DTI is a form of MRI. True or True?

A

True!!!

38
Q

what does fMRI do?

A

It measures oxygen consumption using BOLD technique

39
Q

which imagine techniques use techneques involved with deteting emissions from radioactive substances that were injected?

A

PET & SPECT

40
Q

which agent is used to detect D2 receptors?

A

Raclopride

41
Q

what is raclopride?

A

a d2/d3 antagonist

reversibly binds and selective for d2

42
Q

what is pMRI used for?

A

Evaluate microscopic blood flow in capillaries

43
Q

what is MRS for?

Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry?

A

chemical sampling of the brain

amount of different chemicals in different areas in brain

44
Q

Non-Compliance Rate in schizphrenia after discharge

A

After days days - 25%

After 1 year - 50%

After 2 years 75%

45
Q

Non-compliance rate due to intentional non-adherence ?

A

90%

46
Q

Scales used to assess compliance?

A

DAI
MARS
ROMI
Beliefs about medication Questionnaires

47
Q

which compliance scales is more commonly used in psychiatric research and clinical setting?

A

DAI

Drug Attitude Inventory

48
Q

Domains covered by DAI in compliance?

A

Perceived benefit
Risk of medication
Concerns about S.Es
Attitudes toward the Rx
Beliefs about effectiveness

49
Q

DAI data is qualitative or quantitative?

A

Quantitative

50
Q

Which compliance scales asks more about frequency of dose taking and missing doses?

A

MARS (Likert scale)
Medication Adherence Rating Scale

MRCPSYCH_Paper B_MENTOR & More_Dr. ART (72 decks)

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