Misc. - 3

Question 1

how do hypnotic work

Answer 1

modulating gaba

Question 2

which GABA receptors will hypnotic work on?

Answer 2

BZ1 - sedative effects
BZ2- Myoreluxant - anticonvulsant
BZ3- Anxiolytic

Question 3

difference between old benzodiazepine and z- drug binding?

Answer 3

old benzo - all three types of receptors (B1-B3)
z-drugs only B1 (sedative)

Question 4

types of benzo

Answer 4

hypnotic
anxiolytic

Question 5

effect of benzo on sleep

Answer 5

suppress REM

Question 6

common side effects of benzo

Answer 6

numbed emotions
diplopia
muscle weakness
fatigue
ataxia
dizziness
headache
reduce alertness
drowsiness

Question 7

Half life of Diazepin

Answer 7

20-100
20(D)1(i)00zepin

Question 8

Half life of Clonazepine

Answer 8

18-50

colonized in 1850

Question 9

Half life of chlordiazepoxide

Answer 9

5-30

Question 10

Half life of Nitrazepam

Answer 10

15-38
Nitra was 15 when her mom, 38, left her.

Question 11

Half life of Tema

Answer 11

8-22
temam 8-22

Question 12

Lorazepam

Answer 12

10-20

Question 13

ALpra

Answer 13

10-15

Question 14

Oxazepam

Answer 14

6-10

6xaze10m

Question 15

Zopiclone

Answer 15

5-6
at zobh (morning) effect is gone

Question 16

Zolpidem

Answer 16

2
Zolm use (arabic)

Question 17

Zaleplon

Answer 17

2

Zalem use (arabic)

Question 18

max duration of benzo Rx

Answer 18

2-4 week

Question 19

tapering recommendation for benzo

Answer 19

5-10% every 1-2 weeks
1/8th of the daily dose every 2 weeks

Question 20

pscychological symptoms with benzo withdrawal

Answer 20

anxiety
insomnia
nightmares
depersonalisation
decr. memory and concentration
delusion & hallucination
Depression

Question 21

physical symptoms of benzo withdrawal

Answer 21

stiffness
weakness
GI disturbance
paraesthesia
flu-like symptoms
visual disturbance

Question 22

contraindication of zopiclone

Answer 22

Marked neuromuscular respiratory weakness:

Myasthenia gravis
Resp. failure
Severe Sleep apnoea syndrome
Breast feeding

Question 23

side effect of zopiclone

Answer 23

metalic taste
heartburn
lightening of sleep on withdrawal

Question 24

side effects of melatonin

Answer 24

• somnolence
  Fatigue
  Mood swings
  headache
  irritability
  aggression
  hangover

Question 25

what is daridorexant

Answer 25

orexin receptor antagonist recommended by NICE

Question 26

what receptors daridorexant work on

Answer 26

orexin 1 & 2 receptors

Question 27

what do orexin A &B neuropeptide do naturally?

Answer 27

promote wakefulnesss

Question 28

do daridorexant change sleep cylce proportion

Answer 28

no!

Question 29

contraindication of daridorexant?

Answer 29

narcolepsy

Question 30

daridorexant side effects

Answer 30

somnolence & headache

Question 31

what does CT scan uses?

Answer 31

Ionising x-ray radiation

Question 32

how do tissues can be distinguished on CT scan?

Answer 32

- Air : least attenuate x-ray so appears Black -Bone: max attenutae x-ray so appear white

Question 33

how can you difference CT machine from an MRI?

Answer 33

CT has a thinner structure

Question 34

How does MRI works?

Answer 34

capitalises on the inherent magnetic properties of tissues. Especially hydrogen nuclei, which are protons, in tissues' water.

Question 35

what do T1 & T2 represent in MRI?

Answer 35

T1 - How quickly the hydrogen magnetic moments realign with the main magnetic field. T2- How quickly these moments lose phase coherence with each other and disperse in the transverse plane.

Question 36

what does DTI do?

Answer 36

visualizes white matter tracts

Question 37

DTI is a form of MRI. True or True?

Answer 37

True!!!

Question 38

what does fMRI do?

Answer 38

It measures oxygen consumption using BOLD technique

Question 39

which imagine techniques use techneques involved with deteting emissions from radioactive substances that were injected?

Answer 39

PET & SPECT

Question 40

which agent is used to detect D2 receptors?

Answer 40

Raclopride

Question 41

what is raclopride?

Answer 41

a d2/d3 antagonist reversibly binds and selective for d2

Question 42

what is pMRI used for?

Answer 42

Evaluate microscopic blood flow in capillaries

Question 43

what is MRS for? Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry?

Answer 43

chemical sampling of the brain amount of different chemicals in different areas in brain

Question 44

Non-Compliance Rate in schizphrenia after discharge

Answer 44

After days days - 25% After 1 year - 50% After 2 years 75%

Question 45

Non-compliance rate due to intentional non-adherence ?

Answer 45

90%

Question 46

Scales used to assess compliance?

Answer 46

DAI MARS ROMI Beliefs about medication Questionnaires

Question 47

which compliance scales is more commonly used in psychiatric research and clinical setting?

Answer 47

DAI Drug Attitude Inventory

Question 48

Domains covered by DAI in compliance?

Answer 48

Perceived benefit Risk of medication Concerns about S.Es Attitudes toward the Rx Beliefs about effectiveness

Question 49

DAI data is qualitative or quantitative?

Answer 49

Quantitative

Question 50

Which compliance scales asks more about frequency of dose taking and missing doses?

Answer 50

MARS (Likert scale) Medication Adherence Rating Scale