Levels of Prevention Flashcards
when did the first attempts to classify prevention begun?
1960 with Caplan’s model
Levels of preventions?
Caplan’s model
- Primary Prevention
- Secondary Prevention
- Tertiary Prevention
Primary prevention
Aim is to :
- intervene before a disease
- to reduce the incidence of an illness in the community
Directed at:
individuals who are at risk for developing a particular disorder.
Example: Healthy eating and exercise
Secondary Prevention
Aim is to :
- to detect and treat disease that has not yet become symptomatic (reduce cases).
How is it acheived?
Through early detection and treatment
Example: Screening procedures
Tertiary Prevention
Aims:
to restore function, minimize the negative effects and prevent complications
Example: Litium to prevent episodes of mania in bipolar
New system of Definition prevention (primary prevention)
since 1992
Universal Prevention
Selective Prevention
Indicated Prevention
Universal Prevention
Targeted to the general public or a whole population
Example: Healthy eating, as in primary prevention
Universal prevention advantages when…
- cost per person is low
- effective
- acceptable to the popultion
- low risk
Selective Prevention
Targeted to individuals or a population subgroup whose risk of developing mental disorders is significantly higher than average.
Example: providing support for isolated elderly
Selective prevention advantages when…
- cost is moderate
- minimal negative effect
how risk groups are identified in selective prevention?
Biological, psychological or socially
Indicated prevention
Targeted to high-risk individuals who are identified as having minimal but detectable signs or symptoms
Example: Low-dose atypical antipsychotics and CBT for patients with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia
Indicated prevention advantages …
might be reasonable even if intervention costs are high and even if the intervention entails some risk
