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ART_MRCPSYCH_B_MENTOR > Anatomy of Brain & pathology > Flashcards

Anatomy of Brain & pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the mamillary bodies involved in?

A

The mamillary bodies are involved in memory and navigation.

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2
Q

What condition is associated with atrophied mamillary bodies?

A

Korsakoff’s syndrome is associated with atrophied mamillary bodies.

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3
Q

What type of amnesia is characterized by anterograde amnesia?

A

Diencephalic amnesia is characterized by anterograde amnesia.

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4
Q

What is the main function of the pineal gland?

A

The main function of the pineal gland is the secretion of melatonin, which regulates circadian rhythms.

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5
Q

What is unique about the pineal gland?

A

The pineal gland is an unpaired structure, meaning there is only one per brain.

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6
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus in hormone release?

A

The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland, which releases hormones for various functions, including growth.

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7
Q

What is the main function of the thalamus?

A

The thalamus acts as a major relay point and processing center for all sensory impulses, excluding olfaction.

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8
Q

What percentage of the diencephalon is composed of the thalamus?

A

The thalamus comprises about 80% of the diencephalon.

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9
Q

What types of functions are associated with the thalamus?

A

The thalamus is involved in memory, visual, auditory, motor, and emotional functions.

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10
Q

What is the amygdala?

A

An almond-sized collection of nuclei found in the medial temporal lobe. Key role in processing emotion.

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11
Q

What is the function of the amygdala?

A

Involved in the consolidation of memories which have a strong emotional relevance of stimuli (e.g. fear and threat detection).

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12
Q

What is the hippocampus?

A

Part of the limbic system. Major role in memory, storage, formation of long-term memory, and spatial navigation.

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13
Q

What is the striatum?

A

Part of the basal ganglia. Input nuclei, control and regulate activities of the motor and premotor cortical areas.

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14
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

The major bridge of white fibres that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.

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15
Q

What is the insula?

A

Region of the cerebrum deep within the lateral sulcus; processes information associated with hearing and equilibrium.

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16
Q

What is the temporal lobe?

A

Processes information associated with hearing and equilibrium.

17
Q

What is the occipital lobe?

A

Processes visual information and is related to our understanding of the written word.

18
Q

What is the parietal lobe?

A

Contains the primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus) and is involved in language acquisition.

19
Q

What is the frontal lobe?

A

Contains the primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus) and is involved in complex learning.

20
Q

What is the anterior commissure?

A

Bridge of white matter inferior to the corpus callosum; links regions of the limbic system (‘emotional’ brain) together.

21
Q

What is the fornix?

A

Part of the limbic system; involved in learning and memory.

22
Q

What is anomia?

A

Difficulty in finding the correct word, particularly nouns and verbs.

23
Q

What is alexia?

A

The inability to read.

24
Q

What is aphasia

A

where there is an impairment of the ability to produce or comprehend language.

25
Q

What is Gerstmann’s Syndrome?

A

A combination of symptoms including agraphia, acalculi, finger agnosia, and left-right disorientation.

26
Q

What is agraphia?p

A

Difficulty with writing.

27
Q

What is acalculi?

A

Difficulty with mathematics.

28
Q

What is finger agnosia?

A

Inability to distinguish fingers.

29
Q

What are the symptoms of dysfunction in the dominant parietal lobe?

A

GAILA

-Gertmann’s syndrome
- Language disorder like aphasia
-Alexia
-Anomia
-Impained writing and mathematics

30
Q

non dominant parietal symptoms

A

SHAPA (shoor)

Spatial disorientation
Hemispatial neglect
Apraxia,Contructional
Propagnosia
Apraxia, Dressing

31
Q

Dominant Temporal lobe injury symptoms

A

MAW (Gav)

Memory difficulty
Auditory verbal agnosia
Wernicks Aphasia (no comprehension)

ART_MRCPSYCH_B_MENTOR (38 decks)

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