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Nutrition > Minerals: Iodine/ Copper > Flashcards

Minerals: Iodine/ Copper Flashcards

1
Q

Copper recommedation

A

RNI 1.2mg/day

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2
Q

Copper food source

A

seafood/ legumes/ nuts/ liver

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3
Q

Copper deficiency

A

Menkes disease

  • X linked genetic disorder (1: 300,000)
  • Inability to transport copper around body
  • Severe neurological impairment
  • Wiry hair
  • Connective tissue disorder
  • Early mortality
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4
Q

Copper toxicity

A

Wilson’s disease
- autosomal recessive disorder (1:30,000)
- Defective copper transport
- Accumulate in liver, brain
–> Liver disease / motor impairment / psychosis/ Kayser Fleischer rings
Zinc therapy

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5
Q

Copper absorption

A

50- 75% absorbed

Antagonistic effects with other metals: Zinc, Iron, molybdenum

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6
Q

Copper transport by

A

Albumin (5%) & ceruloplasmin (95%)

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7
Q

Copper excretion by

A

mostly by break down by bile and excrete with faeces

~ 70ug/d via urine

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8
Q

Copper contain enzyme

A
  • Cytochrome C oxidase
  • Ceruloplasmin
  • Hepaestin
  • Superoxide dismutase
  • Metallothionein
  • Tyrosinase
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9
Q

Cytochrome C oxidase is involed in

A
  • Electron transport chain
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10
Q

Ceruloplasmin involved in

A

Copper transport protein

Redox reactions

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11
Q

Hephaestin is involed in

A

Iron transporter

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12
Q

Superocide dismutase is involed in

A

Antioxidant

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13
Q

Metallothionein is involed in

A

epithelial sequestering of metals

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14
Q

Tyrosin is involed in

A

Melanin synthesis, Albinoism

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15
Q

NOAEL

A

No observed adverse effect level

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16
Q

LOAEL

A

Lowest observed adverse effect level

17
Q

Iodine recommended level

A

RNI 140ug/d

18
Q

Iodine deficiency disease

A

Goitre , Cretinism

19
Q

Iodine toxicity disease

A

Hyperthyroidism

20
Q

Thyroid hormone

A

T3 - tri_iodo_thyronine [active form]

T4- Thyroxine [inactive form]

21
Q

Thyroid hormone production

A

Hypothalamus sends Thyroid releasing hormone to pituitary

Pituitary sends Thyroid stimulating hormone to thyroid

At thyroid, TSH activated enzyme Thyroid Peroxidase to create T3 (7%) for immediate use by cells / T4 (93%); 60% is converted to T3 in liver & small amount converted to T3 in peripheral tissues

–>Then 20% T4 convert to Reverse T3 and excerted from body ; 20% T4 into inactive form T3S & T3AC –> and converted to T3 by bacteria in GI tract

22
Q

Roles of thyroxine (T4)

A
  • Regulation of metabolism

- Growth and development

23
Q

Thyroxine disorder

A

Hypothyroidism - insufficient activity

  • slowed metabolism
  • cold intolerance
  • Lethargy

Hyperthyroidism

  • Increased metabolism
  • Fidgety
  • Weight loss
  • Bulging eyes
24
Q

Iodine deficiency at fetus stage

A 
Abortion 
still born 
congenital abnormality 
increased infant mortality 
neurological cretinism
myxoedamatous cretinism
25
Q

Iodine deficiency at new born stage

A

Neonatal hypothyroidism

26
Q

Iodine deficiency at child stage

A

Mental and physical retardation

27
Q

Iodine deficiency at adult stage

A

Goitre
Hypothyroidism
Reactive hyperthyroidism

28
Q

Iodine deficiency in world

A

EU > Mediterranean > Africa > SE Asia > US

29
Q

iodine deficiency tactics

A

Iodisation of salt - switzerland, UN

Iodised oil injections- China and South Africa

30
Q

Goitrogen

A

suppress the function of the thyroid gland

Iso_flavones [from soy] interfer the synthesis thyroglobin send out from cell to thyroid

Iso_thio_cyanates [ from cassava & cabbage] interfer the Iodine uptake from blood

Polyphenols from variety of plant foods

31
Q

Milk as an Iodine source found less in conventional milk than organic milk T/ F

A

False

less in organic than conventional

32
Q

Iodine toxicity

A

Reactive hyperthyroidism

  • Rapid heart rate
  • Trembling
  • Excessive sweating
  • Lack of sleep

Skin conditions
- Acne outbreaks

Nutrition (22 decks)

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