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Nutrition > Dietary Fiber > Flashcards

Dietary Fiber Flashcards

1
Q

Dietary Fibre

A

Lignin and plant polysaccharides that are resistant to hydrolysis by the digestive enzymes in man

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2
Q

Plant cell wall

A

Middle lamalla: Pectic substance & lignin

Primary cell wall: Cellulose in network

Secondary cell wall: Cellulose in parallel

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3
Q

NSP

A

non- starch polysaccharide

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4
Q

two types of NSP

A

Cellulose :
Cellulose
Carboxymethylcellulose

Non- cellulose polysaccharide (NCP):
Hemicelluloe
Pectins
Plant gums & mucilages
Inulin
Guar
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5
Q

Principal sugars present in cellulose ?

Food souces?

A

Glucose

All cell walls

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6
Q

Principal sugars present in pectic substance ?

Food souces?

A

Galacturonic acid
Arabinose/ Galactose
Mainly in fruit & veg

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7
Q

Principal sugars present in hemicellulose?

Food souces?

A

Arabinose /Xylose - Cereals
Glucoronic Acid /Arabinose/ Xylose- Cereals
Glucoronic Acid /Xylose- Fruit & Veg
Xylose / Glucose

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8
Q

Principal sugars present in Gums Mucilages. Storage polysaccharides?

A

Gum: Glucose - Fruit & Veg & cereals

Storage: Wide range - seeds & fruits

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9
Q

Lignin is a polysaccharide? T/F

A

T
dietary insoluble fiber
it is a complex polymer of aromatic alcohols

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10
Q

Energy value of NSP

A

depending on fermentation ~ 0-3Kcal/g

mean 2 Kcal/g (with ~ 70% fermentation)

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11
Q

Good source of NSP

A

> 4g / portion

peas, beans, wholemeal, rye , Bran flakes, muesli

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12
Q

Moderate source of NSP

A

1-4g/ portion

Most veg & fruit, nuts, Brown rice, porridage

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13
Q

Poor source of NSP

A

Lettuce, grapes, white rice, biscults, cakes, corn flakes

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14
Q

Nutrient content of bran & germ

A

High [Vit B] - thiamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid

Minerals - P, Na, K , Fe, Mg, Ca

Elevated levels of basic amino acids- arginine & lysine

Phytochemicals - phytates, oxalates & phenolics

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15
Q

NSP & micronutrients absorption

A

Bio- availability of some minerals may be reduce in present of NSP

Minerals bind to CHO structure, phytates, tannins & oxalates

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16
Q

Wheat bran most potent dietary inhibitor of

A

Calcium
Iron
Zinc

17
Q

High NSP impair ? absorption

A

Vit D & B12

18
Q

NSP in ____ diets doesn’t compromise micronutrient status long term

A

mixed or vegetarian

19
Q

Due to NSP viscosity in solution, affects on miacronutrient utilisation by__(3)
Results in ?

A

inhibit gut movement
delay delivery of liquid from stomach
slow food mixing and digestive juices

> increase delivery iower small intestine
and reduce absorption in gut

20
Q

Example of soluble fiber

A 
oat, barley, rye
legumes
bananas/ apples, berries
nuts
alliums (onions, garlic, leeks)
root veg
21
Q

example of insoluable fibre

A 
Bran 
whole grain
seeds
fruit skin
beans
Cauliflower
celery
22
Q

Crude fiber

A

residue after boiling defatted food with diluted alkali and then acid.
The methods recovers 50 -80% cellulose, 10- 50% lignin and 20% of hemicellulose

23
Q

NSP (Englyst)

A

The CHO plant cell wall that originally called dietry fiber, less the lignin

24
Q

Dietary fiber (Southgate)

A

The sum of lignin nad polysaccharides that are not hydrolysed by the endogenous secretions of Gastric tract

25
Q

Unavailable carbohydrate

A

polysaccharides that are not hydrolysed by digestive tract (including lignin)

26
Q

Resistance starch

A

physically inaccessible - locked way in food matrix

highly crystalline - raw food ; cooled food

poorly hydrolysed in small intestine

fermentable

Functionally very similar to NSP

27
Q

Examples of oligosaccharides

A

Fructooligosaccharides- Inulin; Raftilose

Galactooligosaccharides- Raffinose

Mannan- oligosaccharides - Guar gum

28
Q

CODEX ALIMENTARIUS’ definition of dietary fiber

A

CHO polymers with 10 or more monomeric units, which are not hydrolysed by the endogenous enzymes in the small intestine of human and belong to the catergories

29
Q

CODEX ALIMENTARIUS’ defined dietary fiber catergories

A
  • Edible CHO polymers naturally occur in food
  • CHO polymers which obtained from raw material by enzymetic, physically or chemical means; have shown physiological benefit to heath and has scientific evidence that is generally accepted by competent authorities
  • synthetic CHO polymers that have shown physiological benefit to heath and has scientific evidence that is generally accepted by competent authorities
  • Dietary fiber may contain fraction of other compounds (that associated with the CHO in cell wall) when derived from plant. Certian analytical method may measure the other compounds as dietary fiber, excepted those if they have been extracted or re- introduced in food
  • National authorities can decide whether to include CHO with 3 -9 monomeric units as dietary fiber

Nutrition (22 decks)

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