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Western Civilization > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Societies
Occupying at least 90 percent of human history

A

hunting and gathering

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2
Q

Simple gardening, supplementary to hunting and gathering

A

Horticultural

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3
Q

The domestication of animals in a semi-nomadic lifestyle

A

Pastoral

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4
Q

Societies whose economics are based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland

A

Agricultural

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5
Q

The worship of more than one god

A

Polytheism

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6
Q

necessitated the creation of a centralized government

A

The need to organize workers for construction and maintenance of the canals

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7
Q

3 main reasons for slavery in ancient times

A
  • prisoners of war
  • voluntarily selling themselves (escape starvation or satisfy debts)
  • born a slave
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8
Q

Creates the first recorded Empire in Western Civilization

A

Sargon the Great

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9
Q

The river produced/ left _____ that enriched the soil and diluted harmful mineral salts

A

silt deposits

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10
Q

Compare and Contrast Mesopotamian and Egyptian religions

A

Compare- polytheistic

Sumerians built the ziggurats to pacify the gods thus avoiding divine punishment

The pyramids were constructed as burial complexes at which Egyptians could worship Egypt’s god-kings after they die

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11
Q

Israelites had to follow a strict religious and moral code

A

the 10 commandments

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12
Q

Greece’s most famous author, Homer who wrote the epic poems

A

The Iliad and the Odyssey

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13
Q

The most important oracle in Greece was the

A

Oracle of Delphi

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14
Q

Helots

A

Slaves of the Spartan city-state who were Greek in origin

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15
Q

31 Greek city-states formed a coalition called the ________
To resist Persian invasion

A

Hellenic League

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16
Q

An ancient Greek teaching style

A

Socratic Method

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17
Q

The new regime determined to settle the internal strife (desire for revenge) that threatened to tear Athens apart issued first known ______ in Western History

A

amnesty

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18
Q

Plato Rulers

A

Philosopher Kings

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19
Q

List the three military reforms instituted by Phillip of Macedonia

A

-Philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army
- he nearly doubled the length of the spears in the traditional Greek phalanx
- used the calvary as a strike force to soften up the enemy

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20
Q

Alexander’s tutor

A

Aristotle

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21
Q

A ruler who holds absolute power, typically will exercise it in a cruel or oppressive way

A

Despots

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22
Q

The most famous and enduring government body of the ancient world

A

The Senate

23
Q

The highest value was________ which emphasized strength, loyalty, and coverage, especially in war

A

virtue

24
Q

A system/intuition based on a network of relationships characterized by mutual obligations

A

patron-client system

25
Q

Who possessed the authority to veto any legislation

A

tribunes

26
Q

2 most significant Roman inventions

A

Concrete
Roman Arch

27
Q

2 sources of Augustus’ true power

A

controlled the state’s treasury
Loyalty of the army

28
Q

Goal of the Principate

A

stability and order, not political freedom

29
Q

Cornerstone of Christian faith

A

resurrection of Jesus

30
Q

The biggest argument of the early church

A

Trinity

31
Q

Eliminated his last rival in 324 to become the sole ruler of a unified empire

A

Constantine the Great

32
Q

a declaration and summary of the Christian faith

A

The Nicene Creed

33
Q

Constantine-Establishing his new capital in the city of Byzantium in 324

A

Constantinople

34
Q

Eastern Empire
For 20 years he attempts to reunite the empire

A

Justinian I

35
Q

A massive tribal confederation who had set in motion the vast movement of numerous Germanic tribes into the Roman Empire contributing to its eventual collapse

A

The Huns

36
Q

Islam means

A

submission to God

37
Q

Revelations, the holy scripture of Islam

A

Qur’an

38
Q

Two divisions of Islam

A

Sunni
Shiites

39
Q

The most powerful men in Merovingian society

A

Catholic Bishops

40
Q

Charles Martel called

A

Charles the Hammer

41
Q

Charles Martel’s military brilliance

A

was his ability to pick the time and place of his battles

42
Q

Coveted title in Western Europe

A

“Defender of the Faith”

43
Q

Greatest king of the Middle Ages

A

Charlemagne

44
Q

Significance of the Battle of Tours

A

The decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe

45
Q

Period in the Byzantine Empire where images of Christian figures were banned from art and architecture called

A

Iconoclasm

46
Q

The Abbasids will move their capital from Damascus to Baghdad

A

for its prosperous location near trade routes

47
Q

Wealthy Muslims established and endowed schools for higher learning called

A

Madrasa

48
Q

Just as Europe was on the verge of emerging from the Dark Ages, this will throw them back into it

A

the Viking invasions

49
Q

Feudalism causes

A
  • Collapse of the Carolingian Empire
    -Attacks and Invasions by Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars
50
Q

The individual who receives the land from the great landholders is called

A

vassal

51
Q

Who dominated long distance trade routes during medieval times

A

the Italians

52
Q

was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe

A

Investiture Conflict

53
Q

This will become the rallying cry for the Crusaders throughout the Crusades

A

“God wills it”

54
Q

Legends of this orders secret rituals, huge wealth, and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries

A

The Knights Templar

Western Civilization (11 decks)

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