Chapter Sixteen Flashcards
An ardent believer in the divine right of kings- system of absolute monarchial rule
Louis XIV
A series of revolts between 1648-1653 known as the Fronde
The Conflict began in
1648 When Cardinal Mazarin levied a tax on judicial officers
When they refused to pay and demanded the right to approve new taxes he had the leaders arrested
The Fronde’s goal
Was to protect their ancient liberties from royal encroachments
Not to overthrow the king
Results of the Fronde
Louis centralized the army under his direct control
The gardens reflected the spirit of Louis XIV’s rule, their geometrical arrangement and clear lines showed:
that art and design could tame nature
that order and control defined the exercise of power
Absolutism
a system of government in which the rule claims sole and uncontestable power
Louis will achieve absolutism by making everyone dependent upon him using a systematic policy of
bestowing pensions
offices
Honors (titles of nobility)
Gifts
The threat of disfavor or punishment
Nobility of the Sword
family members, princes, old military-based nobility
Intendants
holders of a public administrative office
Intendants performed 3 main functions
collection of taxes
financing of public projects
provisioning of the army
Mercantilism
Governments must intervene to increase national wealth by whatever means possible
Louis XIV will embark on a series of wars that will earn him the name
“The Christian Turks”
The War of Spanish Succession
Charles II, King of Spain died, leaving no male heir
attempted to unify the French and the Spanish crowns and controlled a vast empire
Frederick William-Hohenzollern-Unlike Louis he recognized
noble dominance over the land in exchange for state service
True contribution to absolutism in his realm was the
quadrupling of his army
parliaments most indispensable power
was its ability to raise tax revenues far in excess of all other sources of revenue at the crowns disposal
because england had not single constitution document, regulated relations between king and parliament
a variety of laws,
judicial decisions,
charters,
petitions, and
customary procedures
the scot’s riot and then invade england
arch bishop of canterbury issued the “book of common prayer” to enforce uniform rules of worship in england, scot, and wales
the long parliament passed 3 laws in order to place limits on the kings absolute monarchical rule
•parliament should convene once every 3 years
•made it illegal for the king to impose taxed without parliamentary consent
•parliament passed a law forbidding the king to dissolve it without its consent
fought for parliament
“round heads”
levellers
who wanted to “level” social differences and expand political participation to all male property owners
charles I was found guilty…
of attempting to establish “an unlimited and tyrannical power”
the cromwellian rump parliament then abolished the monarchy and the house of lords and set up a puritan republic known as the
“common wealth of england”
parliament passed the Test act of 1673
requiring all government officials to profess allegiance to the church of england
supported a strong hereditary monarchy and the church of england
tories
advocated parliamentary supremacy, and toleration of protestant dissenters
whigs
“glorious revolution”
power had shifted without spilling blood
leviathan, in the book hobbes argued in favor of
absolutism
according to hobbes, the fundamental attributes of humans
•desire
•the will to survive
•esteem and recognition
giving up ___ collective security
personal liberty
john locke- governments only purpose was to
protect life, liberty, and property
assembly of the land
a proto-parliamentary institution that was summoned irregularly that consisted of noble delegates and religious leaders from the provinces
code of 1649-the price for this?
the nobles owed absolute obedience to the Tsar and were required to serve in the army
