Chapter Four

Question 1

by 338 athens and her allies are defeated at the battle of chaeronea, by the armies of who?, effectively ending athenian independence

Answer 1

phillip II of macedonia

Question 2

plato argues against democracy

Answer 2

for plato, democracy allows uneducated, irrational and injudicious citizens to make decisions

Question 3

those who attain the highest level of knowledge should rule as

Answer 3

“philosopher kings”

Question 4

the reasons for the rise of macedonian power

Answer 4

1) they were hardier (tougher) than their greek neighbors south, due to the harsher more continental climate in the north
2) the disunity of the southern greek states
3) the rise of king philip II

Question 5

the man who ended greek freedom

Answer 5

king philip II of macedon

Question 6

his military reforms

Answer 6

•philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army
•he nearly doubled the length of the spears in the traditional greek phalanx
•used the cavalry as a strike force to soften up the enemy

Question 7

philip feared his powerfully strengthened army

Answer 7

would cause instability within his kingdom if they had nothing to do

Question 8

to demonstrate the price for disloyalty and rebellion

Answer 8

in 335 alexander destroyed thebes

Question 9

in 343 philip chose who as alexander’s tutor

Answer 9

aristotle

Question 10

alexander was able to inspire his troops

Answer 10

by recklessly exposing himself to danger, fighting alongside them and sharing their hardships and burdens

Question 11

Alexander revealed his strategy for ruling a vast empire
He left Greeks and Macedonians in high ranking bureaucratic positions

Answer 11

-were more loyal to Greece that the local inhabitants
-this made the Greek language the universal language of the upper ranks throughout the empire

Question 12

Hellenization

Answer 12

Is the process of spreading Greek culture by encouraging non-Greeks to live as Greeks

Question 13

Alexander found some twenty cities that bore his name, most of them east of the Tigris, The first, and greatest, was _______ which would become one of the leading Mediterranean cities

Answer 13

Alexandria in Egypt

Question 14

A ruler who holds absolute power, typically will execute it in a cruel or oppressive way

Answer 14

Despots

Question 15

Hellenistic rulers spread Greek culture by building

Answer 15

gymnasiums, temples, theatres, and other public works projects