Chapter Eight Flashcards
Islam means
submission to God
Followers of Islam are called Muslims
“one who submits”
5 pillars of Islam
1st
The Shahada
(Testimony of Faith)
2nd Pillar of Islam
Salat
(Daily Prayers)
3rd Pillar of Islam
Giving Zakat
(Support of the Needy)
4th Pillar of Islam
Hajjor
(Fast of Ramadan)
5th Pillar of Islam
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Muslims view Muhammad as the
The Prophet
Revelations, the holy scripture of Islam
Qur’an
Jihad
Striving in the way of God
Islamic Expansion
Muhammad United the tribes as one large tribe through
Persuasion, negotiation, and force
External factors
The Byzantine and Sassanid empires were exhausted from just having fought a bitter war against each other
Spiritual leader of Islam, claiming succession from Muhammad
Caliph
The Division of Islam
Sunni
Shiites
The loss of the Balkans effectively cut the Byzantines off __________ and _________ and from the former Western Empire
Culturally
Economically
The Byzantines were able to repel the Muslim invasion and stabilize their empire with the introduction of a powerful new weapon called
Greek Fire
Byzantine Emperors broke the empire into military districts called Themes
Strategos
Western Europe resulting from the collapse of Rome
Institutions and the increasing association between politics and religion
The Kings sought to bolster their authority through religious means
The pope who had conflicts with the Byzantine emperor’s over
increasing taxes
marriage
worship of icons
Will rank among the most powerful men in Merovingian Society
Catholic Bishops
Charles Martel was called
Charles the Hammer
Between 721-725 Martel defeated and incorporated Neustria and Burgandy
critical source of manpower and resources (wealth)
During the Early Middle Ages, troops were only available
after the crops had been planted and before harvesting time
Martel paid for his new army
by confiscating church properties and lands
Christians simply call all Muslims Barbarians
Saracen
Was the strength of Abdul- Rahman Al Ghafiqi Army
Calvary
The strength of the Frank army was its
Infantry Foot Soldiers
Part of Charles Martel’s military brilliance
was his ability to pick the time and place of his battles
The turning point
Abdul-Rahman Al Ghafiqi was killed
Martel became the master of Western Europe and the
“Defender of Faith”
Charles Martel’s grandson was the greatest king of the Middle Ages
Charlemagne
Significance of the Battle of Tours
The decisive turning point
in the struggle against Islam,
a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe
