Chapter Eight

Question 1

Islam means

Answer 1

submission to God

Question 2

Followers of Islam are called Muslims

Answer 2

“one who submits”

Question 3

5 pillars of Islam
1st

Answer 3

The Shahada
(Testimony of Faith)

Question 4

2nd Pillar of Islam

Answer 4

Salat
(Daily Prayers)

Question 5

3rd Pillar of Islam

Answer 5

Giving Zakat
(Support of the Needy)

Question 6

4th Pillar of Islam

Answer 6

Hajjor
(Fast of Ramadan)

Question 7

5th Pillar of Islam

Answer 7

Pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 8

Muslims view Muhammad as the

Answer 8

The Prophet

Question 9

Revelations, the holy scripture of Islam

Answer 9

Qur’an

Question 10

Jihad

Answer 10

Striving in the way of God

Question 11

Islamic Expansion
Muhammad United the tribes as one large tribe through

Answer 11

Persuasion, negotiation, and force

Question 12

External factors

Answer 12

The Byzantine and Sassanid empires were exhausted from just having fought a bitter war against each other

Question 13

Spiritual leader of Islam, claiming succession from Muhammad

Answer 13

Caliph

Question 14

The Division of Islam

Answer 14

Sunni
Shiites

Question 15

The loss of the Balkans effectively cut the Byzantines off __________ and _________ and from the former Western Empire

Answer 15

Culturally
Economically

Question 16

The Byzantines were able to repel the Muslim invasion and stabilize their empire with the introduction of a powerful new weapon called

Answer 16

Greek Fire

Question 17

Byzantine Emperors broke the empire into military districts called Themes

Answer 17

Strategos

Question 18

Western Europe resulting from the collapse of Rome
Institutions and the increasing association between politics and religion

Answer 18

The Kings sought to bolster their authority through religious means

Question 19

The pope who had conflicts with the Byzantine emperor’s over

Answer 19

increasing taxes
marriage
worship of icons

Question 20

Will rank among the most powerful men in Merovingian Society

Answer 20

Catholic Bishops

Question 21

Charles Martel was called

Answer 21

Charles the Hammer

Question 22

Between 721-725 Martel defeated and incorporated Neustria and Burgandy

Answer 22

critical source of manpower and resources (wealth)

Question 23

During the Early Middle Ages, troops were only available

Answer 23

after the crops had been planted and before harvesting time

Question 24

Martel paid for his new army

Answer 24

by confiscating church properties and lands

Question 25

Christians simply call all Muslims Barbarians

Answer 25

Saracen

Question 26

Was the strength of Abdul- Rahman Al Ghafiqi Army

Answer 26

Calvary

Question 27

The strength of the Frank army was its

Answer 27

Infantry Foot Soldiers

Question 28

Part of Charles Martel’s military brilliance

Answer 28

was his ability to pick the time and place of his battles

Question 29

The turning point

Answer 29

Abdul-Rahman Al Ghafiqi was killed

Question 30

Martel became the master of Western Europe and the

Answer 30

“Defender of Faith”

Question 31

Charles Martel’s grandson was the greatest king of the Middle Ages

Answer 31

Charlemagne

Question 32

Significance of the Battle of Tours

Answer 32

The decisive turning point

in the struggle against Islam,

a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe