Chapter Two

Question 1

were brought back to build their massive temples, palaces, and cities

Answer 1

conquered people

Question 2

were among the most ruthless of the ancient middle east

Answer 2

assyrian rulers

Question 3

the largest empire of the ancient world to that point

Answer 3

cyrus the great “king of kings”

Question 4

the persians military strength and cultural toleration were the foundations for

Answer 4

maintaining order in the empire

Question 5

governors duties included:

Answer 5

•keeping order
•enrolling troops
•sending revenue to royal treasury

Question 6

the world is an arena for an ongoing battle for control between divine forces of good and evil

Answer 6

“moral dualism”

Question 7

Israelites had to follow a strict religion and moral code

Answer 7

the 10 commandments

Question 8

throughout this period jewish prophets preached their defeats were divine punishment for

Answer 8

neglecting the sinai covenant and mistreating the poor

Question 9

was the most crucial development for the history not only of judaism but also christianity and islam

Answer 9

sacred text

Question 10

the mycenaean period became the historical setting of much of ancient greek

Answer 10

literature and mythology

Question 11

the mycenaeans valued war more than

Answer 11

religion

Question 12

the greeks that emerged had lost their writing, eventually adopting the

Answer 12

phoenician alphabet

Question 13

competitive individual excellence

Answer 13

arete

Question 14

greeces most famous author, homer who wrote the epic poems

Answer 14

The Iliad and The Odyssey

Question 15

the major theme uniting The Iliad and The Odyssey

Answer 15

•do not under any circumstances incur the wrath of the gods

Question 16

what did the greeks call their lands

Answer 16

hellas

Question 17

what did the greeks call themselves

Answer 17

hellenes

Question 18

the polis

Answer 18

an independent community of citizens inhabiting a city and the surrounding countryside

Question 19

the mediterranean climate and the steepness of the terrain limited

Answer 19

crops and how much of them could be grown

Question 20

population increases usually led to population exodus as a result

Answer 20

greeks colonized throughout the mediterranean and black sea

Question 21

the greek polis was unique in that it was based on the concept of

Answer 21

citizenship for all its free males

Question 22

there were 3 types of government in the greek city-states

Answer 22

•tyrannies
•oligarchies
•democracies

Question 23

most common form of government in archaic greece

Answer 23

oligarchies

Question 24

greeks honored the god through publicly funded religious activities called

Answer 24

cults

Question 25

Values

Answer 25

Excellence

self sufficiency or individualism

civic virtue

Question 26

The most important oracle in Greece was the

Answer 26

Oracle of Delphi

Question 27

Sparta
Organized its society with laws directed at a single purpose

Answer 27

Military Readiness

Question 28

Primary loyalty was to the ______ not the biological family

Answer 28

group

Question 29

Discipline was harsh
This trained him for the one honorable occupation for Spartan men

Answer 29

An obedient soldier

Question 30

Helots

Answer 30

Slaves of the Spartan city-state who were Greek in origin

Question 31

The Spartan Government was an Oligarchy, consisting of three components

Answer 31

-2 hereditary prestigious military leaders (called kings) who served as both the states religious heads and generals of the army

-A council of 28 elders over the age of 60; they make laws

-5 annually elected magistrates or Ephors (overseers) who made policy and enforced laws

Question 32

Became magistrates and judges and ran the judicial system by rendering verdicts in disputes and criminal accusations

Answer 32

Archons

Question 33

Cleisthenes

Answer 33

Father of Athenian Democracy

Question 34

Whereby a vote from more than 6,000 of the citizens would exile a citizen for 10 years

Answer 34

Ostracism