Chapter Two Flashcards
were brought back to build their massive temples, palaces, and cities
conquered people
were among the most ruthless of the ancient middle east
assyrian rulers
the largest empire of the ancient world to that point
cyrus the great “king of kings”
the persians military strength and cultural toleration were the foundations for
maintaining order in the empire
governors duties included:
•keeping order
•enrolling troops
•sending revenue to royal treasury
the world is an arena for an ongoing battle for control between divine forces of good and evil
“moral dualism”
Israelites had to follow a strict religion and moral code
the 10 commandments
throughout this period jewish prophets preached their defeats were divine punishment for
neglecting the sinai covenant and mistreating the poor
was the most crucial development for the history not only of judaism but also christianity and islam
sacred text
the mycenaean period became the historical setting of much of ancient greek
literature and mythology
the mycenaeans valued war more than
religion
the greeks that emerged had lost their writing, eventually adopting the
phoenician alphabet
competitive individual excellence
arete
greeces most famous author, homer who wrote the epic poems
The Iliad and The Odyssey
the major theme uniting The Iliad and The Odyssey
•do not under any circumstances incur the wrath of the gods
what did the greeks call their lands
hellas
what did the greeks call themselves
hellenes
the polis
an independent community of citizens inhabiting a city and the surrounding countryside
the mediterranean climate and the steepness of the terrain limited
crops and how much of them could be grown
population increases usually led to population exodus as a result
greeks colonized throughout the mediterranean and black sea
the greek polis was unique in that it was based on the concept of
citizenship for all its free males
there were 3 types of government in the greek city-states
•tyrannies
•oligarchies
•democracies
most common form of government in archaic greece
oligarchies
greeks honored the god through publicly funded religious activities called
cults
Values
Excellence
self sufficiency or individualism
civic virtue
The most important oracle in Greece was the
Oracle of Delphi
Sparta
Organized its society with laws directed at a single purpose
Military Readiness
Primary loyalty was to the ______ not the biological family
group
Discipline was harsh
This trained him for the one honorable occupation for Spartan men
An obedient soldier
Helots
Slaves of the Spartan city-state who were Greek in origin
The Spartan Government was an Oligarchy, consisting of three components
-2 hereditary prestigious military leaders (called kings) who served as both the states religious heads and generals of the army
-A council of 28 elders over the age of 60; they make laws
-5 annually elected magistrates or Ephors (overseers) who made policy and enforced laws
Became magistrates and judges and ran the judicial system by rendering verdicts in disputes and criminal accusations
Archons
Cleisthenes
Father of Athenian Democracy
Whereby a vote from more than 6,000 of the citizens would exile a citizen for 10 years
Ostracism
