Chapter Seventeen Flashcards
atlantic system became a web of trade routes that bound together… and became the hub of european expansion throughout the world
western europe, asia, and the americas
plantations
large tracts of land owned by colonial settlers, farmed by slave labor and produced staple crops
europeans imported what from central and south america
precious metals
west indies imported
sugar
colonies in north america imported
timber, fish, tobacco, and furs
mestizo
a person born to a spanish father and a native mother
peninsular
those born in spain
creoles
born in america of spanish parents
to expand its trade in the rest of the world europeans
seized territory and tried to establish permanent settlements
consumer society coffee houses
where people could meet socially and discuss business and politics
3 main reason for the population explosion
•better weather produced bountiful harvests
•improved agricultural techniques
•the disappearance of the plague of 1720
by 1750 ___ is Europe’s largest city
london
conspicuous consumption
the consumption of luxuries on a lavon scale in an attempt to enhance one’s prestige
50 years of warfare 1663-1713 saw 3 important developments
•a new power alignment arose
-a coalition of powers france in check in the continent
•the british ride and the dutch decline
•russians emergence as a european power
strategic importance - bank of england
enabled the government to raise money at low interest for foreign wars
russia had defeated sweden considered to be one of the worlds best militaries and the victory overturned the view that russia was militarily incompetent
battle of poltava
peter the great
•expanded the russian state into a much larger
•led a cultural revolution in russia to modernize them along western standards
peter introduced numerous reforms
•founded the russian academy of science
•replaced the russian calendar with the julian calendar
•adopted european fashions and banned beards for men and veils for women
•modernized the army and built a navy
symbolized russias “opening to the west”
st. petersburg
the table of rants
a formal list of positions and ranks in the military, government, and court of imperial russia
-all social and material advantages now depended on serving the crown
what was the enlightenment?
it was a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century europe and the american colonies
what was the purpose of the enlightenment?
- to reform society using REASON
- to advance knowledge through science
what did the enlightenment oppose?
superstition, intolerance, and some abused by church and state
the central doctrines of the enlightenment philosophers were
individual liberty and religious tolerance
a significant criticism of the enlightenment was that its followers
subjected everything to criticism and challenged both political and religious authority
the 3 main reasons for immigration to the “new world”
economic, political, religious freedom
by 1776 there 3 types of colonies
proprietary, charter, royal
were the executive authority in the colonies, carrying out the kings instructions
royal governors
navigation act of 1651, 1660, 1663
regulate and control colonial trade
the french and indians war in america
for control over the lucrative fur trade
denial of western lands infuriated colonists
proclamation of 1763
the stamp act of 1765 colonial response
•virginia assembly passed the virginia resolves, only the virginia assembly had the right to tax virginians
•new england colonies mobilized a group of protestors the sons of liberty
-they use violence and intimidation to avoid the taxes
•new york- stamp act congress
- congress peaceably petitions parliament for a redress
coercive acts
- boston port act
- massachusetts government acts
- impartial administration of justice act
- quartering act
second continental congress issued a declaration of independence
july 4th, 1776
ideals of the enlightenment put in writing and mandates the government must abide by them
the constitution of the united states of america
