Chapter Nine

Question 1

Byzantines
Military victories over new territories brought prestige and wealth the emperors created

Answer 1

stronger more centralized governments

Question 2

Was the cultural and commercial capital of the Christian world

Answer 2

Constantinople

Question 3

Byzantine Emperors
To enhance commerce and control it they issued trading permits

Answer 3

Jews, Venetians, Genoans

Question 4

Byzantine Emperor Constantine V will reconstruct the central army in 755

Answer 4

Tagmata

Question 5

The Dynatoi

Answer 5

Wealthy land-owners who will dominate

the senior levels of civil, military, and ecclesiastic offices within the empire

Question 6

Where images of Christian figures were banned from art and architecture

Answer 6

Iconoclasm

Question 7

The Al-Andalus dynasty
This will create a flourishing and stable kingdom

Answer 7

Will grant religious freedom to its Christian and Jewish inhabitants and allow them to live in accordance to their own laws

Question 8

The Abbasids will move their capital from Damascus to Baghdad

Answer 8

for its prosperous location near trade routes

Question 9

Abbasids enter a period of decline

Answer 9

due to their inability to raise sufficient tax revenue
to support the massive army
large civil service
administering the empire

Question 10

Despite the multitude of ethnic groups within the Muslim world the Arabic Language provided a unifier as

Answer 10

it was the language of the Qur’an, commerce and government throughout Islamic islands

Question 11

Wealthy Muslims established and endowed schools for higher learning

Answer 11

Madrasa

Question 12

Al- Khwarizmi 780-850 wrote a book on Algebra

Answer 12

introduced the zero
the modern numbers system
Arabic numerals

Question 13

“Donation of Pepin”
Papal States until 1870

Answer 13

Christianity in Italy was tied primarily to the European West and not the Byzantine East

Question 14

Establishment of a partnership between his Frankish Kingdom and the Church
Charlemagne created an empire that was based on the development between 3 elements:

Answer 14

The Roman past
The Germanic way of life
The legacy of Christianity

Question 15

To achieve this Charlemagne

Answer 15

• He forced Baptism of pagans, like the Saxons rather than voluntary conversion
  -Palatine Chapel
• Charlemagne had the pope escorted back to Rome

Question 16

Charlemagne ordered the cathedrals and monasteries to teach reading and writing to

Answer 16

all who were able to learn

Question 17

Just as Europe was on the verge of emerging from the Dark Ages - will throw them back into it

Answer 17

The Viking Invasions

Question 18

Feudalism
Causes

Answer 18

-Collapse of the Carolingian Empire
-Attacks and Invasions by Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars

Question 19

Permanently divided the Carolingian Empire

Answer 19

Treaty of Verdun

Question 20

Instead of buying military services with cash, great land holders gave land

Answer 20

a fief

Question 21

The individual who receives the land from the great landholders is called

Answer 21

vassals

Question 22

at the lowest echelon of society were the peasants, also called

Answer 22

serfs

Question 23

in exchange for living and working on his land, the lord offered his peasants

Answer 23

protection and a judicial system to negotiate peasant disputes

Question 24

The rise of the castellans is an important turning point in European history because it ensured that

Answer 24

rule would be local rather than centralized