Chapters 11, 12, 13 Flashcards
From Carolingian times, schools and universities existed to educate only
monks and priests
Universities were self-governing corporations
they regulated discipline, scholastic standards, housing, clothing, and behavior
Gothic Architecture
Gothic arches are also usually bigger than Romanesque churches, have pointed arches are not round arches, and much bigger windows
General Eyre
group of travelling royal justices who would rule on criminal as well as civil cases
The crown’s right to decide whether the exact personal service or to accept payment in lieu of service
scutage
Magna Carta
protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment
-new taxation only with baronial consent and limitations on scutage
Monks who gain the Franciscan order will be called _________ from the Latin term for brothers
friars
Take vows of poverty, they rely exclusively on charitable donations to survive
medicants
the Cathars calling themselves
“Christ’s poor”
Franciscans and Dominicans
they challenged the efficacy and legitimacy of the church hierarchy (Cathars)
The Northern crusades
Northern Europeans
Germans (Teutonic Knights)
Denmark
Poland
Sweden
Christians motivated more by
land seizures
Considered the most powerful Pope of the Medieval period
Pope Innocent III
The fourth lateran council
Church sought to regulate all aspects of European society and promote a fully Christian way of life
The Mongols under their powerful leader
Genghis Khan
By 1215, The Mongols had conquered most of China
Mongols rule- leave the existing Russian government in place
paid tribute and homage
The most famous of all was the Venetian merchants
Marco Polo
The trade routes between East and West known as the Silk Road
textiles, ginger, ceramics, copper, silk, and pepper
Ends in 1352, with the deaths of 1/3 to 3/5 of the population
the Black Death
Religious zealots who demonstrated their religious fervor and sought atonement for their sins by vigorously whipping themselves in public displays of penance
Flagellant Movement
The Hundred Years War
The war began
French King Philip VI laid claim to Gascony, a fief of the English King Edward III
Resulted in the great English victory at Agincourt 1415
Gives England control over Northern France
Turned the long-standing Anglo-French conflict into a religious war
Joan of Arc
In 1389 effectively marked the end of Christian resistance south of the Danube River
Battle of Kosovo
The Ottomans elite forces- They were originally European Christian Children taken by force from their families
Janissaries
Last Byzantine Emperor
Constantine XI
The Turks rename the city
Istanbul
Significance of the Fall
The fall of Constantinople is the event that ended the Middle Ages and started the Renaissance
The fall of Constantinople closed the trade routes from the East
This forces the Christian West to seek an all water route to the Orient
The Renaissance– The origins
Florence
Public places such as marketplaces and public squares will be called
piazzas
“Magnificent” he was the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of the Renaissance
Lorenzo de Medici
They were the most infamous family of Renaissance Italy
The House of Borgia
the English defeat of the 100 years war- These 3 countries will battle one another for supremacy of the Americas for over 300 years
Spain
France
England
For the next 30 years
War of the Roses
