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Western Civilization > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Societies
Occupying at least 90 percent of human history

A

Hunting and Gathering

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2
Q

Types of Societies
Simple gardening, supplementary to hunting and gathering

A

Horticultural

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3
Q

The domestication of animals in a semi-nomadic lifestyle

A

Pastoral

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4
Q

Societies whose economics are based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland

A

Agricultural

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5
Q

A belief that all objects, whether animate, or inanimate, such as animals, trees, and rocks, possess an impersonal supernatural power

A

Animatism

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6
Q

Coined Money

A

Specie

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7
Q

The belief in worship of more than one god

A

Polytheism

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8
Q

By around 3000 BC, the sumerians had established 12 independent “city-states” in southern Mesopotamia, in a region called the

A

Fertile Crescent

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9
Q

Sumerian cities- significantly recurring problem, that of the spread disease

A

Contaminated water

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10
Q

Never really developed

A

A system for waste disposal

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11
Q

Devastating floods

A

Sophisticated Irrigation System

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12
Q

Necessitated the creation of a centralized government

A

The need to organize workers for construction and maintenance of the canals

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13
Q

Kings supreme responsibility was to

A

ensure justice

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14
Q

Main structure in every city was the temple to the gods called a

A

Ziggurat

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15
Q

Metallurgy
Constant raiding which could conclude with the virtual extermination of the losing side

A

Bronze Age

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16
Q

3 main reasons for slavery

A

Prisoners of war
Voluntarily selling themselves (escape starvation or satisfy debts)
Born a slave

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17
Q

In 3500 BC the Sumerians invented a form of writing called

A

Cuneiform

18
Q

Worship of more than one god

A

Polytheistic

19
Q

The more important the god

A

The more power over humans

20
Q

Sumerians built the ziggurats

A

to pacify the gods thus avoiding divine punishment

21
Q

Sumer’s greatest contribution to Western Civilization

A

Invention of a Written Language

22
Q

The Assyrians first major impact on Western Civilization

A

The development of long distance trade

23
Q

The Babylonians major impact on Western Civilization

A

Established written laws known to the people

24
Q

Around 1600 BC the Canaanites invented an

A

alphabet

25
Q

It’s Western and Eastern borders are protected by the deserts
It was also a source of tremendous wealth with

A

large deposits of metal ores

26
Q

The river produced/left _________ that enriched the soil and diluted harmful mineral salts

A

silt deposits

27
Q

A crucial crop secured Egypt’s diplomatic relationships with other countries, and contributed to economic stability

A

Wheat

28
Q

Around 3000 BC the Egyptians developed their own form of writing called

A

Hieroglyphics

29
Q

creates the first recorded Empire in Western Civilization

A

Sargon the Great

30
Q

Egyptian art clearly illustrates how the Egyptians valued

A

order and predictablity

31
Q

Mehes made his royal capital

A

Memphis

32
Q

Great Pyramids were built not by slave labor but by

A

Free Egyptian laborers

33
Q

The capital city of the Middle Kingdom

A

Thebes

34
Q

Second Intermediate Period

A

Hyksos

35
Q

The Hyksos brought several items that significantly influence the Egyptians in the New Kingdom period

A

Bronze making technologies
Humpbacked cattle
Composite bow
Horse drawn chariot

36
Q

Especially noted for abandoning traditional Egyptian Polytheism

A

Akhenaten

37
Q

Regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom/ Egyptian Empire

A

Ramses II (The Great)

38
Q

Ancient worlds largest chariot battle

A

Battle of Kadesh

39
Q

The Ptolemy’s made their royal capital at

A

Alexandria

40
Q

Egyptian and Sumerian Life
Compare

A

Polytheistic

41
Q

Egyptian and Sumerian Life
Contrast

A

Sumerians built the ziggurats to pacify the gods thus avoiding divine punishment
The pyramids were constructed as burial complexes at which Egyptians could worship Egypt’s god-kings after they die

42
Q

Egyptian and Sumerian Life
Contrast

A

Sumerians built the ziggurats to pacify the gods thus avoiding divine punishment
The pyramids were constructed as burial complexes at which Egyptians could worship Egypt’s god-kings after they die

Western Civilization (2 decks)

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