Midterm 2 - Notes 4 (Part 1)

Question 1

What are 5 characteristics of general characteristics of viruses?

Answer 1

1. Obligatory intracellular parasites
   - require host cells to multiply
2. Contains DNA and RNA
3. Contains a protein coat
4. No ribosomes
5. No ATP-generating mechanism
   - cant produce their own energy

Question 2

Typical bacteria, intracellular parasite

Answer 2

No

Question 3

Typical bacteria, plasmid membranes

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Typical bacteria, binary fission

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Typical bacteria, pass through biological filters

Answer 5

No

Question 6

What happens to bacterial smaller than 0.45 in filters?

Answer 6

It goes straight through

- doesnt get caught in the filters

Question 7

Typical bacteria, posses both DNA and RNA

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Typical bacteria, ATP-generating metabolism

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Typical bacteria, ribosomes

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Typical bacteria, sensitive to antibiotics

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Typical bacteria, sensitive to interferon

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Rickettsias/ chlamydias, intracellular parasite

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Rickettsias/ chlamydias, plasmid membrane

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Rickettsias/ chlamydias, binary fission

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

Rickettsias/ chlamydias, pass through filters

Answer 15

Yes / No

Question 16

Rickettsias/ chlamydias, posses both DNA and RNA

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Rickettsias/ chlamydias, ATP-generating metabolism

Answer 17

Yes / No

Question 18

Rickettsias/ chlamydias, ribosomes

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Rickettsias/ chlamydias, sensitive to antibiotics

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Rickettsias/ chlamydias, sensitive to interferon

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Viruses, intracellular parasite

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Viruses, plasmid membrane

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Viruses, binary fission

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Viruses, pass through biological filters

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Viruses, posses both DNA and RNA

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Viruses, ATP-generating metabolism

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Viruses, ribosomes

Answer 27

No

Question 28

Viruses, sensitive to antibiotics

Answer 28

No

Question 29

Viruses, sensitive to interferon

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

Host range

Answer 30

The spectrum of host cells a virus can infect

Question 31

What do most virus infect?

Answer 31

Only specific types of cells in one host

- determined by specific host attachment sites and cellular factors

Question 32

Bacteriophages

Answer 32

Viruses that infect bacteria

Question 33

What range of length to bacteriophages range from?

Answer 33

20nm-1000nm

Question 34

What is the size of the influenza virus?

Answer 34

80-120nm

Question 35

What is the size of measles?

Answer 35

300nm-1000nm

Question 36

What is the size of rubella?

Answer 36

40nm-80nm

Question 37

What is the size of the mumps?

Answer 37

200nm

Question 38

Virion

Answer 38

Complete, fully developed viral particles

Question 39

What kind of strands and shape can nucleic acid be?

Answer 39

1. Single and double

2. Linear and circular

Question 40

Capsid

Answer 40

Protein coat made of capsomeres (subunits)

Question 41

Envelope

Answer 41

Lipids, proteins and carbohydrates coating on some viruses

- typically viruses that are produced by budding from the cells

Question 42

Spikes

Answer 42

Projections from outer surfaces

Question 43

What is a good example of a spike on an infection?

Answer 43

Spikes in the influenza virus

- hemaglutinin and neuraminidase

Question 44

What are 4 types of general morphology?

Answer 44

1. Helical viruses
   - hollow, cylindrical capsid
2. Polyhedral viruses
   - many sided
3. Enveloped viruses
   - enveloped may have capsid and outside membrane
4. Complex viruses
   - complicated structure
   - combine with polyhedral