Midterm 2 - Notes 3 (Part 1) Flashcards
What is the difference between Bacilli and Clostridia?
Bacilli has no spores forming and Clostridia does
What are the 5 classes of proteobacteria that are defined by the features of 16s RNA?
- Alpha
- Beta
- Gamma
- Delt
- Epsilon
What are 3 diseases associated with spirochetes?
- Lyme disease
- Leptospira
- Syphilis
Dichotomous keys
Is a tool for identifying unknown organisms to some taxonomic level
- constructed of a series of couplets, each consisting of 2 statements describing characteristics of a particular organism or group of organisms
Where does the world proteobacteria come from?
The mythological Greek god proteus, who could assume many shapes
What is the largest taxonomic group of bacteria? Example?
Proteobacteria
- E. coli
What did proteobacteria use to be called?
Purple bacteria
What are 2 characteristics of proteobacteria?
- Gram- negative
2. Chemoheterotrophic
What type of bacteria is capable of growing with very low levels of nutrients?
The alphaproteobacteria
What do many alphaproteobacteria have?
Stalks or buds known as prothecae which help to shape on how they will fold up
What are 8 examples of alphaproteibacteria?
- Pelagibacter
- Rickettsia
- Ehrlichia
- Rhizobium and bradyrhizobium
- Agrobacterium
- Bartonella
- Brucella
- Wolbachia
Pelagibacter (6)
- Not pathogenic
- One of the most abundant microorganisms in the ocean
- Extremely small in size
- Advantage in a low nutrient environment
- Closely related to mitochondrion 16s rRNA
- Gram-negative
Rickettsia (6)
- Pathogenic
- Obligate intracellular parasites
- Cause spotted fever
- Transmitted by insect and tick bites
- Ricketts
- Gram-negative
What are 3 examples rickettsia?
- R. prowazekii = epidemic typhus that was transmitted by lice
- R. typhi = epidemic murine typhus that was transmitted by fleas
- R. rickettsii = rocky mountain spotted fever
Ehrlichia (4)
- Pathogenic
- Transmitted by ticks
- Causes ehrlichiosis
- Gram-negative
Rhizobium and bradyrhizobium (4)
- Non pathogenic
- Fix nitrogen in the roots of leguminous plants (common in soil)
- Known by the common name rhizobia
- Gram-negative
Agrobacterium (4)
- Non pathogenic
- Plant pathogen = causes crown gall
- Inserts a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor
- uses them as vectors to introduce DNA into plants - Gram-negative
Bartonella (3)
- Pathogenic
- Most abundant pathogenic organism
- Gram-negative
What is an example of bartonella?
B. henselae = cat-skratch disease
Brucella (4)
- Pathogenic
- Obligate parasite of mammals; survives phagorytosis
- Causes brucellosis
- symptoms = profuse sweating, joint and muscle pain - Gram-negative
Wolbachia (4)
- Non pathogenic
- Endosymbiont of insects
- Affects reproduction of insects
- Gram-negative
What are 4 examples of betaproteobacteria?
- Burkholderia
- Bordetella
- Neisseria
- Zoogloea
Burkholderia (2)
- Non pathogenic
2. Gram-negative
What are 2 examples of burkholderia?
- B. cepacia = degrades more than 100 organic molecules
2. B. pseudomallei = causes meliodosis
Bordetella (4)
- Non pathogenic
- Non motile rods
- First vaccination received as a new born: DTap, Diptheria, Tetanus
- Gram-negative
What is an example of bordetella?
B. pertussis = causes whooping cough
- major pathogen
Neisseria (2)
- Pathogenic
2. Gram-negative
What are 2 examples of neisseria?
- N. gonorrhoeae = causes of gonorrhea
2. N. meningitidis = causes of meningococcal meningtitis
Zoogloea (3)
- Non pathogenic
- Important in the activity of the activated sludge system (wastewater)
- Gram-negative
