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Bio 459 - Diseases > Midterm 2 - Notes 2 (Part 2) > Flashcards

Midterm 2 - Notes 2 (Part 2) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are phylogenetic trees?

A

Tress that group organisms according to common properties

  • fossils and genomes
  • each species retains some characteristics of its ancestors
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2
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

Is used worldwide to consistently accurately name organisms

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3
Q

Taxonomic hierarchy

A

A series of sub-divisions developed by Linnaeus to classify plants and animals

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4
Q

Eukaryotic species

A

A group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves

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5
Q

Prokaryotic species

A

A population of cells with similar characteristics

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6
Q

Culture

A

Bacteria grown in laboratory media

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7
Q

Clone

A

Population of cells derived from a single parent cell

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8
Q

Stain

A

Genetically different cells within a clone

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9
Q

Protista

A

A catchall kingdom for a variety of organisms; autotrophic and heterotrophic
- grouped into clades based on rRNA

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10
Q

Fungi

A

Chemo-heterotrophic; unicellular or multicellular; cell walls of chitin; develop from spores or hyphal fragments

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11
Q

Plantae

A

Multicellular; cellulose; no cell walls; undergo photosynthesis

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12
Q

Animalia

A

Multicellular; no cell walls, chemo-heterotrophic

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13
Q

What domain do viruses belong to?

A

NONE

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14
Q

What do viruses require?

A

Host cells

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15
Q

Viral species

A

Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niches

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16
Q

Classification

A

Placing organisms in groups of related species

17
Q

Identification

A

Matching characteristics of an “unknown” organism to list of known organisms
- clinical lab identification

18
Q

What is the purpose of Bergey’s Manual?

A

It provides identification schemes for identifying bacteria and archaea

19
Q

What are lab requisition forms used for?

A

Used to note types of specimens collected and tests to be conducted

20
Q

What is transport media used for?

A

Used to collect and transport pathogens to a lab

21
Q

What are morphological characteristics useful for?

A

Useful for identifying eukaryotes

- they tell a little about phylogenetic relationships

22
Q

What is differential staining?

A

It is gram staining

- acid fast staining

23
Q

What is differential staining not useful with?

A

Bacteria that has goes without a cell wall

24
Q

What do biochemical tests do?

A

They determine the presence of bacterial enzymes

25
Q

What is a benefit of rapid identification methods?

A

They perform several biochemical tests simultaneously

26
Q

Serology

A

The science that studies serum and immune responses in serum

27
Q

What are microorganisms?

A

Antigenic

- they stimulate the body to form antibodies in the serum

28
Q

What happens in an antiserum?

A

A solution of antibodies are tested against an unknown bacteria

29
Q

What happens in the slide agglutinaiton test?

A

Bacteria agglutinate when mixed with antibodies produced in response to the bacteria

30
Q

What can serological testing do?

A

It can differentiate between species and strains within species

31
Q

ELISA

A

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

32
Q

What can ELISA do?

A

It takes known antibodies and an unknown type of bacterium and adds them together in a well and the reaction identifies the unknown bacteria

33
Q

What does western blotting do?

A

It identifies antibodies in a patients serum

34
Q

Serum

A

An amber- coloured, protein-rich liquid that separates out when blood coagulates

35
Q

What are the 4 phases of ELISA?

A
  1. Antibody is absorbed to the well
  2. Patient sample is added; complementary antigen binds to antibody
  3. Enzyme-linked antibody specific for test antigen is added and binds to antigen, forming a sandwich
  4. Enzyme’s substate is added, and reaction produces a product that causes a visible colour change

Bio 459 - Diseases (21 decks)

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