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Bio 459 - Diseases > Midterm 2 - Notes 1 (Part 1) > Flashcards

Midterm 2 - Notes 1 (Part 1) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sporadic disease

A

Disease that occurs only occasionally

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2
Q

Endemic disease

A

Disease constantly present in a population

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3
Q

Epidemic disease

A

Disease acquired by many people in a given area in a short time

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4
Q

Pandemic disease

A

Worldwide epidemic

- based on a larger scale

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5
Q

Acute disease

A

Symptoms develop rapidly but the disease lasts only for a short amount of time

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6
Q

What is an example of an acute disease?

A

Hepatitis A

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7
Q

Chronic disease

A

Symptoms develop slowly

- infection with persistence that doesn’t have symptoms but can have very serious effects

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8
Q

What is an example of a chronic disease?

A

Hepatitis C

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9
Q

What can a chronic disease lead to?

A

Liver cancer

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10
Q

Subacute disease

A

Intermediate between acute and chronic diseases

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11
Q

What is an example of subacute disease?

A

Infections of the heart

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12
Q

What are an examples of infections of the heart?

A

Straptococcus viradans

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13
Q

Latent disease

A

Causative agent is inactive for a time but then activates and produces symptoms

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14
Q

What is an example of a latent disease?

A

TB

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15
Q

Herd immunity

A

Immunity in most of a population

- the majority of the people who are immune to the disease

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16
Q

What do vaccines help to do?

A

They act as a shield from spreading the disease

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17
Q

Local infection

A

Pathogens are limited to a small area of the body

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18
Q

What can local infections be treated with?

A

Antibiotics

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19
Q

Systemic (generalized) infection

A

An infection throughout the body

- can potentially be problematic

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20
Q

Focal infection

A

Systemic infection that began as a local infection

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21
Q

What are 3 examples of a focal infection?

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureas
  2. Streptococcus pyogenes
  3. Streptococcus group A
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22
Q

What is staphylococcus aureas?

A

It is a staph infection

- causes boils from skin and soft tissues

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23
Q

What is streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Skin infection

24
Q

Sepsis

A

Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria of their toxins, from a focus of infection

25
Q

Bacteremia

A

Bacteria in the blood

26
Q

Septicemia

A

Growth of bacteria in the blood

27
Q

What is septicemia also known as?

A

Blood poisoning

28
Q

What does septicemia need to be treated with?

A

Antibiotics

29
Q

Toxemia

A

Toxins in the blood

30
Q

Viremia

A

Viruses in the blood

31
Q

Primary infection

A

Acute infection that causes the initial illness

32
Q

Secondary infection

A

Opportunistic infection after a primary (predisposing infection)

33
Q

Subclinical infection

A

No noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)

34
Q

What are 11 predisposing factors for infection?

A
  1. Gender
  2. Inherited traits
  3. Climate and weather
  4. Fatigue
  5. Age
  6. Lifestyle
  7. Nutrition
  8. Chemotherapy
  9. Human reservoirs
  10. Animal reservoirs
  11. Non living reservoirs
35
Q

What infection are females more susceptible to than males?

A

UTI

36
Q

What are 2 examples of an inherited trait?

A
  1. Sickle cell gene

2. Nramp 1

37
Q

Hantavirus

A

Is a lung infection that is transmitted by rodents

- the temp is what controls the abundance of the rodents which effects how effectively the disease gets spread around

38
Q

What does fatigue effect?

A

The readiness of the immune system

39
Q

Incubation period

A

Interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms

40
Q

Prodromal period

A

Short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms

41
Q

Period of illness

A

Disease is most sever here

42
Q

Period of decline

A

Signs and symptoms subside

43
Q

Period of convalescene

A

Body returns to its pre diseased state

- still a carrier and could potentially be a source of infection for someone else

44
Q

Human reservoirs

A

Carriers may have inapparent infections or latent diseases

45
Q

Animal reservoirs

A

Zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans

46
Q

Non-living reservoirs (3)

A
  1. Soil
  2. Water (eg. e.coli outbreaks with water)
  3. Food (eg. maple leaf and chicken outbreak)

–> important sources of pathogens

47
Q

What are 3 types of contact transmission?

A
  1. Direct contact transmission
  2. Indirect contact transmission
  3. Droplet transmission
48
Q

Direct contact transmission

A

Requires close association between the infected and the susceptible host

49
Q

What is an example of direct contact transmission?

A

Hugging (direct contact)

50
Q

Indirect contact transmission

A

Spreads to a host by a non-living agent called a fomite

51
Q

What is an example of indirect contact transmission?

A

Needles

52
Q

Droplet transmission

A

Transmission via airborne droplets less than 1 meter

53
Q

What is an example of a droplet transmission?

A

Sneezing

54
Q

Vehicle transmission

A

Transmission by an inanimate reservoir

  • food borne
  • water borne
  • airborne
55
Q

What is an example of a food borne disease?

A

Campylobacteriosis

  • comes from chickens
  • most common symptom = diarrhea

Bio 459 - Diseases (21 decks)

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