Midterm 2 - Notes 3 (Part 3) Flashcards
What is the smallest phylum?
Epsilonprobacteria
What are 2 examples of epsilonproteobacteria?
- Campylobacter
2. Helicobacter
Campylobacter (4)
- Pathogenic
- One polar flagellum
- Cant grow with excess presence of O2
- Gram-negative
What is an example of campylobacter?
C. jejuni = causes food borne intestinal disease
Helicobacter (4)
- Pathogenic
- Multiple flagella
- Causes peptic ulcers and stomach cancer
- Gram-negative
What are 5 examples of nonproteobacteria gram-negative bacteria?
- Chlamydia
- Planctomycetes
- Spirochaetes
- Deinococci
What are 2 examples of chlamydiae?
- Chlamydia
- Chlamydophila
- both have no peptidoglycan in the cell walls and grow intracellularly
Chlamydia and chlamydophila (3)
- Pathogenic
- Form an elementary body that is infective
- Gram-negative
What is an example of chlamydia?
Chlamydia trachomatis = causes trachoma and urethritis
What is an example of chlamydophila?
Chlamydophila psittaci = causes respiratory psittacosis
What are the 6 steps to chlamydia?
- The bacterium’s infectious form the elementary body and attaches to a host cell
- The host cell phagocytizes the elementary body, housing it in a vacuole
- The elementary body re-organizes to form a reticulate body
- The reticulate body divides successively, producing multiple reticulate bodies
- The reticulate bodies begin to convert back into elementary bodies
- The elementary bodies are released from the host cell
Planctomycetes (3)
- Non pathogenic
- Gemmata obsuriglobus has a membrane around DNA resembling a eukaryotic nucleus
- Gram-negative
What are 2 examples of planctomycetes?
- Bacteroidetes
2. Fusobacteria
Bacteroidetes (5)
- Non pathogenic
- Anaerobic
- Found in the mouth and large intestines
- Cytophaga degrade cellulose in soil
- Gram-negative
Fusobacteria (4)
- Pathogenic
- Anaerobic
- Found in the mouth
- Causes dental abscesses
- effects the gums - Spindle shaped
- Gram-negative
What shape are spirochatetes and how do they move?
- They are coiled shape
- Move via axial filaments
What are 3 examples of spirochatetes?
- Treponema
- Borrelia
- Leptospira
Treponema (2)
- Pathogenic
2. Gram-negative
What is an example of treponema?
T. pallidum = causes syphilis
Borrelia (2)
- Pathogenic
2. Gram-negative
What is an example of borrelia?
B. burgdorferi = causes relapsing fever and lyme disease
- transmitted by ticks
Leptospira (5)
- Pathogenic
- Animal pathogens excreted in animal urine
- Can be transmitted to humans
- Has a linear genome (B31)
- 1 linear Mb O991, genes = 853
- 3 circular plasmids with 12-29 genes
- 10 small linear plasmids = 25-76 genes - Gram-negative
What are 2 examples of deinococci?
- Deinococcus radiodurons
2. Thermus aquatics
Deinococcus radiodurons (3)
- Non pathogenic
- More resistant to radiation than endospores
- Gram-negative
Thermus aquatics (4)
- Non pathogenic
- Found in a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park
- Source of Taq polymerase
- Gram-negative
What are 2 examples of gram positive bacteria?
- Firmicutes
2. Actinobacteria
What is the major difference between firmicutes and actinobacteria?
- Firmicutes have low G and C ratios
- Actinobacteria have high G and C ratios
What are 6 examples of firmicutes?
- Clostridiales
- Epulopiscium
- Bacillales
- Staphylococcus
- Lactrobacillales
- Mycoplasmatales
What are 5 example of clostridiales?
- Clostridium
- C. tetani
- C. botulinum
- C. perfringens
- C. difficile
- all disease causing bacteria