Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My Cardiology > Microcirculation > Flashcards

Microcirculation Flashcards

1
Q

How do tissues control their own blood flow

A

by changing the diameter of the arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What kind of cells do capillaries have

A

endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four components of the microcirculation and capillary system

A

Arterioles
Metarterioles
precapillary sphincters &
venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which component of microcirculation has smooth muscle fibers at intermittent point

A

Metarateriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 characteristics of the structure of a capillary wall

A

A single layer of endothelial cells

A thin basement membrane (0.5 micrometer

Internal diameter = 4.9 micrometer

Slit pores (intercellular clefts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

From largest to small size pores, rank the following:

GIT, liver, brain

A

brain, GIT, liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the shape of Glomerular capillaries of the kidney

A

small oval windows called fenestrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which molecules has the largest molecular size and which one has the least

A

albumin (biggest) and water (smallest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the components of the Interstitium

A

Free fluid vesicles
rivulets of free fluid
proteoglycan filaments
collagen fiber bundles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Starling Equation

A

Jv=Kf [(Pc−Pi) − (πc−πi)]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can the filtration coefficient help to determine

A

the filtration coefficient can be used to determine the relative number of open capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the total quantity of lymph per day

A

2-3 L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is usually the protein concentration in the thoracic duct

A

3-5g/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most of the protein in lymph found in the thoracic duct was absorbed from which organs

A

liver and kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is lymph flow directly or inversely proportional to interstitial fluid pressure

A

directly proportional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 4 factors that increase interstitial fluid pressure

A

Elevated capillary pressure

Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure

Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

Increased permeability of the capillary

17
Q

The thoracic duct can generate pressure as much as ___ to ____ mmHg

A

50 to 100

18
Q

External factors causing pumping of lymph

A

Contraction of the surrounding skeletal muscles

Movements of the parts of the body

During period of rest flow is sluggish

Pulsations of arteries adjacent to the lymphatics

Compression of tissues by objects outside the body

19
Q

Two main factors that determine lymph flow

A

Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif ) x lymphatic Pump Activity

20
Q

What are the steps involved in lymph controlling interstitial Fluid Protein Concentration, Volume, and Pressure

A
  1. Proteins leak
  2. Protein accumulates
  3. Increase in interstitial oncotic pressure
  4. increased fluid filtration from capillaries
  5. increased interstitial fluid volume and fluid pressure
  6. cause lymph flow
  7. lymph carries away excess interstitial volume and protein
  8. this balances the rate of leakage
21
Q

What is the benefit of having a negative interstitial fluid pressure

A

Holds tissue together

22
Q

What happens when tissue lose their negative pressure

A

Fluid accumulates in the spaces (edema)

23
Q

Two importance of local control of blood flow response to tissue needs

A

Keep the workload on the heart minimum

Tissues may suffer from oxygen nutritional deficiency

24
Q

What are the two broad terms for the mechanisms of blood flow control

A

Acute control

Long term control

25
Q

Which mechanism of blood flow control (long term vs short term) results in vasodilation and vasoconstriction

A

Acute control

26
Q

Which mechanism of blood flow control (long term vs short term) results in change in size and numbers of blood vessles

A

Long term

27
Q

Two states that may increase blood flow

A

increased metabolism and decreased availability of oxygen

28
Q

What are the 2 theories for acute local blood flow regulation

A

vasodilator theory and oxygen demand theory

29
Q

Which nucleotide has a role in the vasodilator theory, what is the reasoning behind this

A

adenosine; oxygen deficiency leads to a degradation in ATP and thus an increase in adenosine

30
Q

Examples of vasodilator substances released in response to oxygen deficiency

A

Adenosine, CO2, adenosine phosphate compounds, histamine, potassium ions, hydrogen ions etc.

31
Q

Which vitamin deficiency plays a role in the oxygen demand theory for local blood flow control

A

Vit. B deficiency- thiamine, niacin, riboflavin

As seen in Beriberi

32
Q

Which nutrients play a role in the oxygen demand theory for local blood flow control

A

glucose, a.a, fatty acids, vit. B

33
Q

What are the two endothelial derives relaxing and constricting factors

A

nitric oxide and endothelin

34
Q

how does shear stress cause relaxation

A

it activates eNOS to aid in the conversion of O2 + L-arginine to NO + L-citrulline which activates guanylyl cyclase which converts cGTP to cGMP which cause muscle relaxtion

35
Q

Examples of Vasoconstrictors agents

A

Norepinephrine/epinephrine
Angiotensin II
Vasopresin (ADH)

36
Q

Examples of Vasodilators agents

A 
Bradykinin
Histamine (Basophils & mast cells)
Damaged tissues
Inflammed tissue
Allergic reactions
37
Q

Examples of ions that cause constriction

A

Ca2+

38
Q

Examples of ions that cause vasodilation

A 
K+
Mg++
H+
Acetate
Citrate
CO2
39
Q

What three conditiions cause release of histamine

A

Damaged tissues
Inflammed tissue
Allergic reactions

My Cardiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions