Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Question 1

What is Venous return

Answer 1

The quantity of blood flowing from the veins into the right atrium each minute

Question 2

True or False

Venous return = cardiac output

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is cardiac index

Answer 3

which is the cardiac output per square meter of body surface area

Question 4

What is a declining cardiac index indicative of physiologically

Answer 4

declining activity or declining muscle mass with age

Question 5

Under what venous condition will the heart become the limiting factor that determines cardiac output

Answer 5

If venous return return is greater than the heart can manage

Question 6

What are the two methods of measuring cardiac output

Answer 6

Oxygen Fick Principle

Indicator Dilution Method

Question 7

Two conditions that can make cardiac output hypereffective

Answer 7

Nervous excitation

Heart Hypertrophy

Question 8

Some conditions that can make cardiac output hypoeffective

Answer 8

Increased arterial
Inhibition of nervous excitation
Pathological factors that cause abnormal heart rhythm or rate of heartbeat
Coronary artery blockage, causing a “heart attack”
Valvular heart disease
Congenital heart disease
Myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle
Cardiac hypoxia

Question 9

What is circulatory shock in relation to cardiac output

Answer 9

the cardiac output falls below the level required for adequate nutrition of the tissues

Question 10

Which two types of curves can be a quantitative analysis for cardiac output regulation

Answer 10

cardiac output curves and venous return curves

Question 11

Does increased plural pressure increase or decrease cardiac output

Answer 11

Increased plural pressure

Question 12

Factors affecting VR curve

Answer 12

Right atrial pressure
Mean systemic filling pressure
resistance to blood flow

Question 13

What is the equation to calculate venous return

Answer 13

VR = (Psf−PRA)/RVR