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My Cardiology > Embryology of the Heart > Flashcards

Embryology of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The heart begins to develop from which embryologic layer

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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2
Q

Which week does the heart begin to develop

A

Latter half of week 3

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3
Q

Which section of the primitive heart grows more rapidly and folds downward?

A

Upper truncus arteriosus

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4
Q

What is the name of the cranial outflow tract of the primitive heart

A

Truncus arteriosus

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5
Q

How many dilatations does the primitive heart have

A

Four

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6
Q

Name the four dilatations of the primitive heart

A

Bulbus cordis, primitive ventricle, primitive atrium and sinus venosus

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7
Q

Which dilatation of the primitive heart does not become subdivided by a septum

A

Sinus venosus

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8
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the truncus arteriosus

A

Aorta; Pulmonary trunk; Semilunar values

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9
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the bulbus cordis

A

Smooth part of right ventricle (conus arteriosus)

Smooth part of left ventricle (aortic vestibule)

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10
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the primitive ventricle

A

Trabeculated part of right ventricle

Trabeculated part of left ventricle

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11
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the primitive atrium

A

Trabeculated part of right atrium (pectinate
muscles)
Trabeculated part of left atrium (pectinate
muscles)

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12
Q

What are the adult derivatives of the sinus venosus

A

Right—Smooth part of right atrium (sinus
venarum)
Left—Coronary sinus and oblique vein of left atrium

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13
Q

Name the three major venous systems that flow into the sinus venosus

A

Vitelline (omphalomesenteric) veins, Umbilical vein, Cardinal veins

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14
Q

Function of vitelline veins

A

Drain deoxygenated blood from the

yolk stalk

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15
Q

Function of the umbilical vein

A

carries oxygenated blood from the placenta

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16
Q

Function of the cardinal veins

A

carry deoxygenated blood from the body of the embryo

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17
Q

What is the function of the vascular shunts that develop in fetal circulation

A

to bypass blood flow around the liver and lungs

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18
Q

What are the three the vascular shunts that develop in fetal circulation

A

ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus

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19
Q

The foramen ovale is necessary for which direction of shunting during fetal life

A

Right to left shunting of blood

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20
Q

Closure of right and left umbilical

arteries result in which adult derivative

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

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21
Q

Closure of the umbilical vein results in which adult derivative

A

Ligamentum teres of liver

22
Q

Closure of ductus venosus results in which adult derivative

A

Ligamentum venosum

23
Q

Closure of foramen ovale results in which adult derivative

A

Fossa ovalis

24
Q

Closure of ductus arteriosus result in which adult derivative

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

25
Q

Atrial septation of the primitive heart begins in which week and ends in which week

A

Week four and ends in week eight

26
Q

What are the 2 septa and 2 foramina that aids in the division of the primitive atrium

A

septum primum, foramen primum, foramen secundum and septum secundum

27
Q

Atrial Septal Defects are more common in which gender

A

Females

28
Q

What are the two clinically important atrial septal defects

A

the secundum and primum types

29
Q

Of the two clinically important atrial septal defects, which is more common

A

Secundum-type ASD

30
Q

What causes the Secundum-type ASD

A

an excessive resorption of the SP or an underdevelopment and reduced
size of the SS or both

31
Q

What causes the an excessive resorption of the primum type ASD

A

a failure of the septum premium to fuse with the endocardial cushions

32
Q

Ventricular septation of the primitive heart begins in which week and ends in which week

A

begins in week 4 and completed by the end of week 7

33
Q

What are the two parts of the interventricular septum of the primitive heart

A

muscular and membranous component

34
Q

Which congenital heart defect is the most common

A

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

35
Q

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is most common in which gender

A

Males

36
Q

Is a membranous or muscular Ventricular septal defect (VSD) more common?

A

Membranous Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

37
Q

What is the embryoloical cause of membranous Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A

failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the endocardial cushions

38
Q

What causes a patent ductus arteriosus

A

hen the ductus arteriosus (a connection between the pulmonary trunk and aorta) fails to close after birth

39
Q

In what two cases is patent ductus arteriosus common

A

premature infants and in cases of maternal rubella infection

40
Q

During which week of development does septation of the truncus arteriosus occur

A

Week eight

41
Q

What is the name of the septum that divides the truncus arteriosus into the aorta and
pulmonary trunk

A

aorticopulmonary (AP) septum

42
Q

What are the three classic cyanotic congenital heart abnormalities

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, Transposition of the great vessels and Persistent truncus arteriosus

43
Q

Defects in the development of which fetal heart structure results in cyanotic congenital heart abnormalities

A

aorticopulmonary (AP) septum

44
Q

Which cyanotic congenital heart abnormality is the most common

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

45
Q

What are the four major defects in the Tetralogy of Fallot

A

– Pulmonary stenosis
– Membranous interventricular septal defect
– Right ventricular hypertrophy
– Overriding aorta

46
Q

What defect causes tetralogy of Fallot

A

the AP septum fails to

align properly and shifts anteriorly to the right

47
Q

What defect causes transposition of the great vessels

A

the AP septum fails
to develop in a spiral fashion and results in the aorta arising from the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk arising from the left ventricle

48
Q

What defect causes truncus arteriosus

A

when there is only partial development of the AP septum

49
Q

Which aortic arch forms the common carotid arteries and the proximal part of the internal
carotid arteries

A

Aortic arch 3

50
Q

Which aortic arch forms the aortic arch on the left and the brachiocephalic artery and the proximal subclavian artery on the right

A

Aortic arch 4

51
Q

Which aortic arch forms the proximal pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus.

A

Aortic arch 6

52
Q

What are the 3 branches of the dorsal aorta

A

Posterolateral Branches, Lateral Branches and ventral branches

My Cardiology (21 decks)

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