Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Blood enter the right atrium through which 2 structures
A
Superior vena cavae and Inferior vena cava
2
Q
Which vessel drains blood from above the heart
A
Superior vana cava
3
Q
Which vessel drains blood from below the heart
A
Inferior vena cava
4
Q
Which vessel from the heart pumps blood into the lungs
A
Pulmonary artery
5
Q
The pulmonary artery receives blood from which sections of the heart
A
right atrium and right ventricle
6
Q
How many pulmonary veins are there
A
Four
7
Q
Where are the entrance of the pulmonary veins found in the heart
A
left atrium
8
Q
Blood from the left ventricle exits the heart through which vessel
A
Aorta
9
Q
Which wall of the heart is very thick?
A
The wall of the left ventricle
10
Q
How many valves are in the heart
A
Four
11
Q
Name the four valves of the heart
A
Tricuspid valve, mitral valve, aortic valve and pulmononic valve
12
Q
Location of the tricuspid valve
A
Between right atrium and right ventricle
13
Q
Location of the pulmonic valve
A
Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
14
Q
Location of the mitral valve
A
Between left atrium and left ventricle
15
Q
Location of the aortic valve
A
Left ventricle and aorta
16
Q
Which of the heart valves only have 2 cusps/leaflets
A
Mitral valve
17
Q
Which chamber of the hearts lies anterior and is usually damaged in chest injuries
A
Right ventricle
18
Q
The esophagus sits between which structures of the heart
A
left atrium (anterior) and aorta (posterior)
19
Q
Which chamber of the heart, if enlarged can cause dysphagia because of compression of the esophagus
A
left atrium
20
Q
Which two coronary arteries branch off the aorta
A
Left main coronary artery and the right coronary artery
21
Q
The left main coronary artery bifurcates into which two arteries
A
left circumflex coronary artery and left anterior descending coronary artery
22
Q
The left anterior descending coronary artery supplies which section of the heart
A
Anterior wall of the left ventricle
23
Q
The left circumflex coronary artery supplies which section of the artery
A
Lateral wall of the left ventricle
24
Q
The right coronary artery supplies blood to which areas of the heart
A
Wall of the right ventricle
25
The posterior descending coronary artery supplies which areas of the heart
inferior wall of the left ventricle
26
The posterior descending coronary artery is a branch of which artery in 90% of people
Right coronary artery
27
The posterior descending coronary artery is a branch of which artery in 10% of people
Left circumflex coronary artery
28
Venous blood from the myocardium drains into which sinus
Coronary sinus
29
Which two papillary muscles make up the mitral valve
Anterolateral and posteromedial papillary muscles
30
Which papillary muscle of the mitral valve has a dual blood supply
Anterolateral papillary muscle
31
Which blood vessel supplies the anterolateral papillary muscle
Left anterior descending coronary artery and left circumflex coronary artery
32
Which papillary muscle in the mitral valve is LEAST likely to suffer from ischemia
Anterlateral papillary muscle
33
Which blood vessel supplies the posteromedial papillary muscle
Right coronary artery or left circumflex coronary artery
34
Which papillary muscle in the mitral valve is MOST likely to suffer from ischemia
Posteromedial papillary muscle
35
Where is the sinoatrial node found
lateral wall of the right atrium
36
What generates electrical activity through the heart
Synovial node
37
Where is the atrioventricular node located
In the interatrial septum
38
Electrical signals from the AV travel to the Purkinje fibers through which bundles
HIS bundles, right bundles and left bundles
39
Where is the HIS bundles located
in the Interventricular septum
40
Which blood vessel supplies the SA and AV nodes in the heart
Right coronary artery
41
Which intercostal space is the apex of the heart found
Left fifth intercostal space
42
The right border of the heart is formed by which structure
Right atrium
43
The left border of the heart is formed by which structure
Left ventricle
44
The superior border of the heart is formed by which structures
Right and left auricles plus the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle
45
The inferior border of the heart is formed mostly by which structure
Right
| ventricle
46
The anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart is formed primarily by
the right
| ventricle
47
The posterior surface of the heart is formed primarily by
the left atrium
48
The diaphragmatic surface of the heart is formed primarily by
the left ventricle
49
Three main sulci of the heart surface
coronary and the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci
50
What is generally found in the sulci of the heart surface
Major blood vessels and epicardial fat
51
The third right costal
| cartilage corresponds to which anatomical aspect of the heart
Upper right aspect
52
The sixth right costal
| cartilage corresponds to which anatomical aspect of the heart
lower right aspect
53
The left second costal
| cartilage corresponds to which anatomical aspect of the heart
upper left aspect
54
The left fifth intercostal
| cartilage corresponds to which anatomical aspect of the heart
apex
55
The right atrium receives blood from everywhere in the body except
Blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein
56
The auricle is derived from which fetal structure
Fetal atrium
57
What is the name of the muscles that are in the auricle
Pectinate muscles
58
Which structure of the right atrium is the smooth walled portion that receives blood from the IVC and SVC
sinus venarum
59
Which fetal structure is the sinus venarum derived from
Sinus venosus
60
Which structure (vertical ridge) separates the pectinate muscles and the sinus venarum in the right atrium
crista terminalis
61
Which node is found in the crista terminalis
Sinoatrial node
62
Where is the fossa ovalis located in the heart
the right atrium
63
Where is the trabeculae carneae (ridges of myocardium) found in the heart
right ventricle
64
Which structure in the heart controls closure of the valves during contraction of the ventricles
chordae tendineae
65
Smooth area of the right ventricle
Infundibulum
66
band of cardiac
muscle between interventricular septum and anterior papillary muscle
which conducts part of the cardiac conduction system
septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)
67
ridges of myocardium , normally thick
trabeculae carneae
68
Which ventricle contains trabeculae carneae
left ventricle
69
Which structure of the heart leads to the aortic semilunar valve and ascending
aorta
aortic vestibule
70
When do the semilunar and atrioventricular valves close with respect to systole
The semilunar valves close at the beginning of systole and atrioventricular valves close at the end of systole
71
Which two valves are commonly involved in valvular heart diseases in which heart murmurs are heard
Aortic and mitral valves
72
the mitral valve should be closed and the aortic
| valve should be open in ventricular systole or diastole?
Ventricular systole
73
the mitral valve should be open and the aortic valve should be closed in ventricular systole or diastole?
Ventricular diastole
74
A heart murmur is heard upstream or downstream from the valve?
Downstream
75
Anatomical landmark to auscultate for an aortic stenosis
Right upper sternum
76
Anatomical landmark to auscultate for a mitral insufficiency
upper lateral chest
77
Anatomical landmark to auscultate for a tricuspid insufficiency
right lower sternum
78
Anatomical landmark to auscultate for a mitral stenosis or aortic insufficiency
Apex (below 5th rib)
79
What type of innervation increases heart rate
Sympathetic stimulation
80
Three layers of the pericardium
an outer fibrous layer and a double-layered
| parietal and visceral serous layers
81
The fibrous pericardium is attached to the central tendon of which organ
Diaphragm
82
Which structure maintains the position if the heart in the middle mediastinium
fibrous pericardium
83
Two sinuses made form the pericardial cavity
transverse pericardial sinus and oblique pericardial sinus
84
The transverse pericardial sinus separates which vessels
great arteries from the
| great veins
85
Which pericardial sinus is a blind space
oblique pericardial sinus
86
What is the anterior border of the superior mediastinum
manubrium
87
What is the posterior border of the superior mediastinum
upper 4 thoracic vertebrae
88
What is the superior border of the superior mediastinum
thoracic inlet
89
The line that divides the superior and inferior mediastinum runs from where to where
sternal angle (of Lois) to T4/ T5 intervertebral disc
90
Which ligament attaches the fibrous pericardium to the posterior of the sternum
sterno-pericardial ligaments
91
what are the anatomical relations of the transverse pericardial sinus to the great vessels
Anterior: aorta & pulmonary arteries Posterior: superior venacava
Inferior: left atrium
92
Which pericardial sinus is clinically important when trying to ligate the great vessels
Transverse pericardial sinus
93
Which pericardial sinus separates the left atrium form the aorta
Oblique pericardial sinus
94
Arterial supply of the pericardium
Pericardiacophrenic artery
Musculophrenic artery
Bronchial, esophageal & superior phrenic arteries Coronary arteries
95
Venous supply of the pericardium
Pericardiacophrenic veins
| Tributaries of azygos venous system
96
Nerve supply of the pericardium
Phrenic nerves (C3-C5)
Vagus nerves
Sympathetic trunk
97
Which never provides sensory innervation to fibrous & parietal layer of serous pericardium
phrenic nerves
98
Which nerves provide vasomotor innervation to the pericardium
Sympathetic trunk
99
What is cardiac tamponade
heart compression due to fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
100
Which intercostal space is the needle passed during a pericardiocentesis
5th or 6th intercostal space
101
Which intercostal space is anterior to the apex of the heart
5th ICS
102
Which chamber of the heart forms most of the diaphragmatic surface
left ventricle
103
The smooth and rough part of the right atrium is separated internally and externally by
externally by the sulcus terminalis (terminal groove) and internally by crista terminalis
104
Opening of coronary sinus is between which 2 structures
right AV orifice & IVC
105
the opening of the SVC corresponds with which costal cartilage level
3rd
106
the opening of the IVC corresponds with which costal cartilage level
5th
107
The rough and smooth part of the right ventricle is separated by what structure
supraventricular crest
108
What are trabeculae carneae
irregular ridges of ventricular myocardium
109
Which structure prevent valve leaflet prolapse
Papillary muscles
110
fibrous cords that connect papillary muscles to valve leaflets
Chordae tendinae
111
muscular band that conveys AV bundle from septum to base of ventricle at site of anterior papillary muscle
Moderator band/ septomarginal trabeculae
112
Thromi usually form in the walls of which chamber of the heart
left atrium
113
Which chamber of the heart forms the apex
Left ventricle
114
Across which anatomical line is cardiac percussion performed?
left anterior axillary line to the right anterior axillary line
115
When doing cardiac percussion the percussion note changes from what to what
Changes from resonance to dullness
116
Which ICS do you auscultate for aortic valve
2nd ICS to the right of sternal border
117
Which ICS do you auscultate for pulmonary valve
2nd ICS to the left of sternal border
118
Which ICS do you auscultate for tricuspid valve
near left sternal border in 5th /6th ICS
119
Which ICS do you auscultate for mitral valve
apex of heart in 5th ICS in midclavicular line
