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My Cardiology > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Cardiac muscle contains many nuclei

A

False; only 1 or 2

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2
Q

True or False: Cardiac muscle nuclei are located centrally

A

True

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3
Q

True or False: cardiac muscle is striated

A

True

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4
Q

How many layers is the heart wall composed of and what are they

A

3 distinct layers: an outer epicardium, a middle myocardium and an inner endocardium

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5
Q

Which cell type is in the epicardium

A

simple squamous epithelium

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6
Q

True or false: cardiac muscle does not contain intercalated discs

A

False

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7
Q

What type of junctions does the intercalated discs contain

A

Gap and adhering junctions

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8
Q

Which of the two junctions in intercalated discs is responsible for electrical conduction

A

Gap junctions

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9
Q

What is the role of purkinje cells in the heart

A

electrical impulse conduction

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10
Q

A conducting system for initiation and propagation of rhythmic depolarizations is formed by which cell type of the heart

A

Purkinje fibers

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11
Q

Which layer of serous pericardium lines the outer surface of the heart (visceral or parietal)

A

Visceral layer

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12
Q

What type of cells line the percardial cavity

A

Mesothelial cells

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13
Q

What are the three layers of heart valves

A

fibrosa, spongiosa and ventricularis

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14
Q

The ventricularis layer of the heart valves continue into which structure in the AV valves

A

chordae tendineae

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15
Q

What is the name of the cells in the SA and AV nodes that do not contain intercalated discs

A

nodal cardiac muscle cells

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16
Q

What are the three layers of arteries and veins

A

tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia

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17
Q

What are the three components of the tunica intima layer

A

endothelium, subendothelial layer and internal elastic membrane

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18
Q

What is the function of the external elastic membrane

A

separates the tunica media from the tunica adventitia

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19
Q

Which layer of blood vessels consists of circumferentially arranged layers of cells

A

tunica media

20
Q

Which layer of blood vessels is composed of longitudinally arranged collagenous tissue and elastic fibers

A

tunica adventitia

21
Q

Tunica adventia is thicker in veins or arteries

A

veins

22
Q

Which layer of blood vessels contain a system of vessels called the vasa vasorum

A

tunica adventitia

23
Q

What is the function of the vasa vasorum

A

supplies blood to the vascular walls themselves

24
Q

Function of the nervi vasorum

A

control contraction of the smooth muscle in the vessel walls

25
Q

Which layer of blood vessels contain a system of vessels called the nervi vasorum

A

tunica adventitia

26
Q

What is the shape of the endothelial cells in blood vessels

A

flattened, elongated, and polygonally

27
Q

Example of three receptors found on the luminal surface of endothelial cells in blood vessels

A

low-density lipoprotein [LDL], insulin, and histamine receptors

28
Q

Which size arteries are elastic arteries

A

large arteries

29
Q

Which size arteries are muscular arteries

A

medium arteries

30
Q

Characteristics of large arteries

A
  • multiple sheets of elastic lamellae in their walls.
  • tunica intima consists of endothelium, subendothelial connective tissue, and an inconspicuous internal elastic membrane
  • Endothelial cells participate in the structural and functional integrity of the vascular wall
  • tunica media consists of multiple layers of vascular smooth muscle cells separated by elastic lamellae
  • thin layer of tunica adventitia
31
Q

Characteristics of medium arteries

A
  • more smooth muscle and less elastin in the tunica media
  • tunica intima is thinner and contains a prominent internal elastic membrane
  • tunica media is composed almost entirely of vascular smooth muscle
  • tunica adventitia is thick and separated from the tunica media by an external elastic membrane
32
Q

Characteristics of small arteries

A
  • smooth muscle in the tunica media
  • tunica intima has an internal elastic membrane
  • gap junctions may be found between endothelial cells and the smooth muscle cells of the tunica media
  • tunica adventitia is a thin, ill-defined sheath of connective tissue that blends with the connective tissue
33
Q

Characteristics of capillaries

A
  • smallest diameter blood vessels

- a single layer of endothelial cells and their basal lamina

34
Q

What are the different types of capillaries

A

continuous, fenestrated, and discontinuous (or sinusoidal)

35
Q

Characteristics of continuous capillaries

A
  • ound in connective tissue; cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscles; skin; lungs; and the CNS
  • uninterrupted vascular endothelium that rests on a continuous basal lamina
36
Q

Characteristics of fenestrated capillaries

A
  • found in endocrine glands and sites of fluid or metabolite absorption, such as the gallbladder, kidney, pancreas, and intestinal tract
  • endothelial cells have numerous circular openings known as fenestrations
  • continuous basal lamina
  • a thin, nonmembranous diaphragm across its opening
37
Q

Characteristics of discontinuous capillaries

A
  • found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow
  • larger in diameter and more irregularly shaped than other capillaries
  • Vascular endothelial cells lining these capillaries have large openings in their cytoplasm and they are separated by wide, irregular, intercellular gaps
  • discontinuous basal lamina
38
Q

What are the types of veins

A

Venules, small, medium and large veins

39
Q

what is used to differentiate between a postcapillary venule and a muscular venule

A

muscular venules have a tunica media

40
Q

Which type of vein usually accompany arteries

A

medium veins

41
Q

which type of vein is continuous which muscular venules

A

small veins

42
Q

3 examples of large veins

A

superior and inferior vena cava and hepatic portal vein

43
Q

Characteristics of small veins

A
  • diameters vary from 0.1 to 1 mm
  • All three tunics are present
  • Tunica media usually constitutes two or three layers of vascular smooth muscle
  • thicker tunica adventitia
44
Q

Characteristics of medium veins

A
  • diameter of as much as 10 mm
  • valves
  • three tunics of the venous wall are most evident in medium-sized veins
45
Q

Characteristics of large veins

A
  • tunica media is relatively thin
  • tunica adventitia is relatively thick
  • diameter greater than 10 mm
46
Q

Characteristics of lymph vessels

A
  • more permeable than blood capillaries
  • collect excess protein-rich tissue fluid
  • lack a continuous basal lamina
  • Anchoring filaments extend between the incomplete basal lamina

My Cardiology (21 decks)

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