Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My Cardiology > Hemostasis > Flashcards

Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is hemostasis

A

the process of forming clots in the walls of damaged blood vessels and preventing blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What occurs initially in response to an injury during hemostasis

A

constriction of the vessel and formation of a temporary hemostatic plug of platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

loose aggregation of platelets in the temporary plug is bound together and converted into the definitive clot by

A

fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In fibrin, the formation of covalent cross-linkages to a dense, tight aggregate is catalyzed by which factor

A

factor XIII and requires Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by

A

thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prothrombin is converted to thrombin by

A

Factor X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

high-molecular-weight kininogen and kallikrein catalyzes which reaction

A

conversion of inactive factor XII to active factor XII (XIIa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What facilitates the binding of Antithrombin III to serine proteases in the coagulation system

A

Heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

All endothelial cells except those in the _________ microcirculation produce thrombomodulin

A

cerebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is thrombin an anti or pro- coagulant

A

A procoagulant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Thrombin becomes an anticoagulant when it binds to which molecule

A

thrombomodulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of plasmin

A

lyses fibrin and fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a natural anticoagulant

A

Heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which agents can bind to Ca2+ to prevent blood clotting

A

Chelating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the anti-thrombotic properties of endothelial cells

A

Antiplatelet effects - prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide, adenosine diphosphatase that degrades ADP

Thrombomodulin

Protein C and protein S

Heparin like molecule

Fibrinolytic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the pro-thrombotic properties of endothelial cells

A

Platelet effects: von Willebrand factor (vWF)

Procoagulant effects

Antifibrinolytic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the hemostatic sequence in injured vessels?

A

Arteriolar vasoconstriction

Primary hemostasis (formation of platelet plug)

Secondary hemostasis

Clot stabilization and resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What steps occur during primary hemostasis

A

von Willebrand factor (vWF) and collagen binds to subendothelial collagen

Activation of platelets + release of secretory granules

Platelet aggregation to form a primary hemostatic plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What steps occur during secondary hemostasis

A

Tissue factor binds and activates factor VII
Activation of coagulation cascade
formation of fibrin meshwork

20
Q

What is the function of the von Willebrand factor

A

acts as a bridge between the platelet surface glycoprotein(GpIb) and exposed collagen

21
Q

What is the role of platelets during hemostasis

A

formation of primary hemostatic plug

they change in shape which increases surface area

they secrete granules

22
Q

What are the two types of granules released by platelets during hemostasis

A

Alpha and dense granules

23
Q

Which molecule causes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

A

Thromboxane A2

24
Q

Which molecule causes platelet aggregation and change in GpIIb-IIIa configuration for fibrinogen bridging

A

ADP

25
Q

what is Glanzmann thrombosthenia

A

the deficiency of GpIIb-IIIa, involved in platelet aggregation

26
Q

What is Bernard-Soulier syndrome

A

the defect in GpIb (binds to Willebrand factor)

27
Q

What molecule activates the coagulation cascade (extrinsically)

A

factor VII

28
Q

What is the ultimate purpose of the coagulation cascade

A

To turn fibrinogen into its active for fibrin so clot stabilization can occur.

29
Q

What is the other name for tissue factor II

A

Prothrombin

30
Q

what is the other name for tissue factor IIa

A

thrombin

31
Q

What are the proteins in the extrinsic pathway

A

factors VII, X, II, V, and fibrinogen

32
Q

what does a PT assay do

A

assesses the function of the proteins in the extrinsic pathway

33
Q

Which measurements are used to assess the anticoagulant effect of warfarin

A

PT and INR(International normalized ratio)

34
Q

what does a PTT assay do

A

Screens for the function of the proteins in the intrinsic pathway

35
Q

What are the proteins in the intrinsic pathway

A

factors XII, XI, IX, VIII, X, V, II, and fibrinogen

36
Q

Define thrombin time

A

Ability to convert fibrinogen to fibrin clot( Measure of circulating fibrinogen)

37
Q

Which molecule breaks down fibrin

A

plastin

38
Q

What is the fibrinolytic cascade

A

it moderates the size of the clot

39
Q

Examples of tissue plasminogen activator

A

Urokinase-like PA (u-PA)

Streptokinase

40
Q

Examples of Sudden massive bleeding disorders

A

Aortic dissection in Marfan’s syndrome

Ventricular rupture following MI

41
Q

Examples of Mild bleeding disorders

A

von Willebrands disease

Coagulation factor deficiencies

42
Q

Examples of Generalized defects involve blood vessels

A

Ecchymosis
Palpable purpura
Hematoma
Vasculitidis

43
Q

Examples of Defects of secondary hemostasis

A

Coagulation factor deficiencies
Bleeding into soft tissues and joints
Hemarthrosis
Intracranial hemorrhage

44
Q

Defects of primary hemostasis

A 
Platelet or VWD
Small bleeds in skin and mucous membranes 
Petechiae ( 1-3mm)
Purpura ( 3mm)
Bleeding in mucous membranes 
Menorrhagia 
Epistaxis 
Intracranial and gastrointestinal bleeding
45
Q

What is Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

Complications of large number of conditions associated with systemic activation of thrombin

OR

Sudden or insidious onset of widespread fibrin thrombi in the microcirculation

46
Q

What causes Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

Obstetric complications

Advanced malignancy

47
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

Release of tissue factor and widespread endothelial injury

My Cardiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions