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My Cardiology > Lipoproteins > Flashcards

Lipoproteins Flashcards

1
Q

What are lipoproteins made up of

A

Apoproteins and lipids

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2
Q

Examples of lipids that make lipoproteins

A

TAG/TG/Fat Cholesterol, Cholesteryl Esters, Phospholipids

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3
Q

Two functions of lipoproteins

A

Increase the solubility of their lipid components in plasma

Transport their lipid components between different tissues

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4
Q

What is found in the core of lipoproteins

A

TAGs and cholesteryl esters

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5
Q

What is found on the surface of lipoproteins

A

Apoproteins, phospholipids and cholesterol

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6
Q

What are the two by which lipoproteins can be separated

A

Based on density and electrophoretic mobility

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7
Q

Which technique is used to separate lipoproteins

A

ultracentrifugation

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8
Q

List the lipoproteins in increasing order of density

A

Chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL

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9
Q

List the lipoprotiens in order of decreasing mobility

A

alpha-lipoproteins (HDL)

  1. Pre β-lipoprotein (VLDL)
  2. β-lipoprotein (LDL)
  3. Chylomicrons (remain at the origin)
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10
Q

How many classes of apoproteins are there

A

5 classes (A,B,C,D,E)

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11
Q

Apo B-48 is associated with which lipoprotein

A

Chylomicrons

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12
Q

Apo B-100 is associated with which lipoprotein

A

VLDL and LDL

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13
Q

Apo A is associated with which lipoprotein

A

HDL

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14
Q

Which apoprotein is the activator for lipoprotein lipase

A

Apo C-II

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15
Q

Which apoprotein is the activator for LCAT

A

Apo A-I

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16
Q

Which apoproteins are reognition sites for cell-surface receptors

A

Apo E

Apo B-100

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17
Q

How many isomers does Apo E have

A

Three isoforms (E-2, E-3 and E-4)

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18
Q

What deficiency causes (type III hyperlipoproteinemia

A

decreased clearance of CM remnants & IDL because they only have Apo E-2 which binds poorly to receptors

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19
Q

Expression of Apo E-4 only isoform, suggest and increased susceptibility to which disease

A

Alzheimers

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20
Q

Newly synthesized nascent chylomicrons have which apoproteins

A

Apo B-48

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21
Q

Which two apoproteins from HDL are transferred to the nascent chylomicron

A

Apo C-II and Apo E

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22
Q

At which point during chylomicron metabolism is the Apo C-II returned to the HDL

A

After the TAG portion is removed in the capillaries and bbbefore it enters the liver

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23
Q

What is the function of microsomal TAG transfer proteins (MTP)

A

Loads lipids onto the apoproteins to make chylomicron particles

24
Q

Where are chylomicrons packaged into secretory vesicles

A

In the golgi

25
Q

Chylomicrons are secreted into what structure for transport into the thoracic duct

A

Lacteals

26
Q

After leaving the thoracic duct, nascent chylomicrons enter the blood circulation through which vessel

A

Left subclavian vein

27
Q

which enzyme is needed for chylomicron remnant metabolism

A

Hepatic lipase

28
Q

Which form of chylomicrons are intermediate density chylomicrons

A

Nascent chylomicrons

29
Q

Where are chylomicrons assembled

A

In the intestinal mucosa

30
Q

Which apoprotein is the major apoprotein and where is it synthesized

A

RER

31
Q

Liproprotein lipase is present in what of most tissues

A

the capillary walls of most tissues

32
Q

Even though liproprotein lipase is found in most tissues, which tissues is it predominantly found

A

adipose, cardiac and skeletal muscle

33
Q

Which tissue has a higher Km for TAG (cardiac muscle or adipose tissue)

A

Adipose tissues (becomes more active after a meal)

34
Q

Which hormone stimulates synthesis of lipoprotein lipase and its transport to the luminal surface of the capillary

A

Insulin

35
Q

What is the basis for hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus

A

lack of insulin leads to decreased clearance of lipoproteins due to decreased Lipoprotein lipase

36
Q

Deficiency of what causes type I hyperlipoproteinemia

A

lipoprotein lipase

37
Q

nascent TAG rich VLDL particles are secreted by which organ

A

liver

38
Q

What is the function of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)

A

transfers cholesteryl esters from HDL to VLDL in exchange for TAG

39
Q

What molecule is lost from IDLs thus converting them to LDLs

A

Apo E

40
Q

Which two tissues take cholesterol from LDL to make steroid hormones

A

Gonads and adrenal cortex

41
Q

Which receptors do LDLs bind to in the liver and EHT to get endocytosed

A

Apo B-100 E receptor

42
Q

A deficiency in LDL receptors causes which disease

A

familial hypercholesterolemia

43
Q

what is responsible for the lowering of endosomal pH during LDL metabolism

A

proton pumping by endosomal ATPase

44
Q

What does the reduction in pH in endosomes during LDL metabolism cause

A

separation of LDL from its receptor

45
Q

What disease is caused when LDL contents are not degraded by lysosomal enzymes during LDL metabolism

A

Wolman’s disease

46
Q

Which layer of blood vessels does LDL usually accumulate, leading to atherosclerosis

A

Tunica intima

47
Q

Which cholesterol is “bad”

A

LDL cholesterol

48
Q

Which organs secrete HDLs

A

Liver and intestines

49
Q

A deficiency in ABCA1 (ATP binding Cassette transporter A1 results in which disease

A

Tangier disease

50
Q

Which enzyme helps to added unesterified cholesterol to HDL

A

LCAT (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase)

51
Q

what activates LCAT (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase)

A

Apo A-I

52
Q

Mature HDL exchanges cholesteryl ester for TAG with which molecules

A

VLDL, IDL, LDL and chylomicrons

53
Q

What mediates the transfer of TAG to HDL from molecules such as LDL

A

CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein)

54
Q

Three functions of HDL

A

Transports cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues to the liver

Reservoir of apoproteins in circulation

Inverse relationship between plasma HDL level & risk of atherosclerosis & myocardial infarction

55
Q

what are the 5 types of hypolipoproteinemias

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia

Familial alpha lipoprotein deficiency/ Tangier’s disease

Familial LCAT deficiency

Fish eye disease

56
Q

what are the 6 types of hyperlipoproteinemias

A

Type I (Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency

Type II(a) (Familial hypercholesterolemia)

Type II(b)/ Familial combined hyperlipidemia

Type III (Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia/ Broad beta disease)

Type IV (Familial hypertriglyceridemia)

Wolman’s disease (Cholesterol ester storage disease)

My Cardiology (21 decks)

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