Microbiology And Vaccine WS W8 Flashcards
What do viruses have
Envelope
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with…
Infectious Mononucleosis
Hepatitis
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
What virus isnt transmitted from animals to humans
Polio
In extracellular state the virus particle is called a what
Virion
The innermost portion of a viruses structure is made up of…
Either rna or dna
Viruses that transform a cell so it undergoes continuous cell division (or is cancerous) are…
Carrying oncogenes
If a virus is latent it
Has not entered a lytic cycle
Some but not all viruses contain……..on their outer surface
A membranous envelope
In order to infect a cell, a virus must….
Have a special protein on its surface that can interact with a protein on the host cell surface
The cycle of viral infection of a bacterial cell that will cause its death most rapidly is called …
The lysogenic cycle
When an enveloped animal virus enters a cell then….
The protein capsid is removed through un-coating to expose the viral genome
One cell passing DNA to a second cell is he process of …
Conjugation
Prokaryotes contain ….
A singular circular DNA molecule as the genetic material
What categorises prions
Prions are unique infectious agents composed solely of protein and lack any nucleic acid (DNA or RNA).
They are classified based on their unusual and distinct characteristics.
are abnormal, misfolded proteins that can cause diseases
The misfolded protein has the ability to convert normal, healthy proteins into more abnormal forms, causing a chain reaction of misfolding.
Prions are responsible for several neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals:
- scrapie
-Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
Viruses are capable of replicating by division outside of a cell, but they replicate by
assembly within a host cell. True or False?
T
Most viruses have a wide range of possible hosts: plants, animals, or bacteria. True or False?
F
One of the most effective ways of controlling a viral disease in animals is to
use vaccines. True or False?
T
Varicella-zoster virus
Causes maculpapular rash
Remain latent in sensory ganglia following primary infection
Which chemokine is used by HIV
CXCR4
Salk vs Sabin vaccine
Salk
* inactivated/killed
* Injection
* Used in UK
• Mechanism: Contains killed poliovirus, which cannot replicate in the body. This vaccine stimulates an immune response by creating antibodies in the blood, which protect against polio but don’t stop the virus from entering the intestines.
Sabin
* live/attenuated
* Orally
• Mechanism: Contains a weakened form of the poliovirus that replicates in the intestines, providing immunity in the gut as well as in the bloodstream. This gut immunity helps prevent person-to-person spread of the virus.
