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Exam 1 Respiration And Immunology Y2 > Counter Prescribing WS W9 > Flashcards

Counter Prescribing WS W9 Flashcards

1
Q

Signs and symptoms of shingles

A

Skin tingling, headache, bloched rash that become itchy blisters, only on one side of the body

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2
Q

Response, which makes you refer shingles

A

The rash gets infected, pain after the rash is gone, muscle weakness, pregnancy, had more than once, if the eye is involved, if they are immunosuppressed

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3
Q

Main management options of shingles

A

Oral anti-viral, painkiller, aciclovir

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4
Q

Other general advice for shingles

A

Keep the area clean and dry, wear loose clothing, be careful around other people that have not previously had chickenpox or are pregnant

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of insect bite

A

Pain in the bite area, did they see an insect, small swollen lump, allergic reaction if it is itchy and raised, swollen if infected, they did any activities for example camp camping

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6
Q

Response which makes you refer for insect bite

A

Stung in the mouth or eyes, have cellulitis, have stomach pain or nausea, feel dizzy or lightheaded, have temperature or an allergic reaction, have travelled to somewhere foreign i.e. Australia

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7
Q

Main management options of an insect bite

A

Antihistamine, steroid cream, pain painkillers, flucloxacillin

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8
Q

Other general advice for an insect bite

A

Don’t scratch, insect repellent, cool compress

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms of ringworm

A

Ring shaped rash, it can grow and spread, slightly raise and scaly, seen in faces

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10
Q

Response, which makes you refer for ringworm

A

If it is on the scalp, if they have weak immunity, have already used an antifungal

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11
Q

Main management options for ringworm

A

Topical antifungal such as clotrimazole or miconazole

Oral antifungal may be prescribed such as terbinafine

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12
Q

Other general advice for ringworm

A

Maintain good personal hygiene, avoid scratching, wash clothing and bedding, avoid sharing personal items, disinfect surfaces

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of contact dermatitis

A

Redness, burning or stinging sensation, dry cracked skin, swelling, blisters, peeling or scaling, itching, there may be pain or tenderness and a distribution where the substance came into contact with the skin

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14
Q

Response which makes you refer for contact dermatitis

A

Intense itching or pain, wide breast rash, oozing lesions, severe swelling, suspected infection, persistent/chronic dermatitis, difficulty identifying the trigger, eyes or genitalia, diabetes, symptoms do not improve with OTC medication

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15
Q

Main management options for contact dermatitis

A

Topical corticosteroids - hydrocortisone cream or more potent corticosteroids - betamethasone

To avoid corticosteroids use calamine lotion

Oral antihistamine and or oral corticosteroid - predisolone

Cool compress, oatmeal bath, wet dressing, antibiotic - cephalexin

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16
Q

Other general advice for contact dermatitis

A

Identify and avoid the irritant/allergen, proper skin care and hygiene, moisturise regularly, wear protective clothing, avoid heat and sweat, managed stress

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of thrush

A

White vaginal discharge, cottage cheese consistency, no abnormal odour, itching and irritation around the Volver and vagina, soreness and singing during sexual intercourse or when urinating

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18
Q

Response, which makes you refer thrush

A

Antifungal not working, more than four times in a year, first time having thrush, symptoms are severe and not improving, pregnant, breastfeeding, under 16 or over 60, we immunity

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19
Q

Main management options of thrush

A

Antifungal such as clotrimazole of fluconazole

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20
Q

Other general advice for thrush

A

Use water and an emollient to wash the area rather than soap and dry properly after washing, wear cotton underwear, avoid sex, pee after sex

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21
Q

Signs and symptoms of UTI

A

Difficulty going to the toilet, burning sensation and increased frequency, itchiness, cloudy urine with an odour, cramping in lower abdomen/back, low-grade fever, blood and urine sometimes

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22
Q

Response, which makes you refer UTI

A

Very high/very low temperature, confusion or drowsiness, lower tummy pain, blood in urine, pregnancy, diabetes

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23
Q

Main management options for UTI

A

Sometimes can go away on own, paracetamol for fever, antibiotics for three days i.e. nitro fear towing, can treat from 16 to 65 on pharmacy first

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24
Q

General advice for UTI

A

Keep the area clean and dry, don’t wipe front to back, drink fluids, urinate after sex

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25
Signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis
Smelly thin discharge with no itching or soreness, burning sensation, painful sex, fishy odour
26
Response, which makes you refer BV
Candidiasis = white, odorless curdy discharge Yellow green frothy discharge = trichomoniasis Ulceration, acute pain = genital herpes pH greater than 4.5 after test systemic symptoms = fever and chills (PID)/endometritis Severe lower abdominal pain/bleeding unnaturally Pregnancy equals pre-term labour and postpartum infections Immunocompromised patients
27
Main management options for bacterial vaginosis
Oral metronidazole or topical intravaginal metronidazole
28
General advice for bacterial vaginosis
Reduce exposure to contributing factors such as bubble baths and shampoo in bath
29
Signs and symptoms of trichomoniasis
50% asymptomatic in women, thick and scant to profuse and thick vaginal discharge, Volver itching, odour, ulceration, lower abdominal pain, painful to you go to the bathroom For men, urethral discharge and dysuria
30
Response, which makes you refer trichom
Severe abdominal pain, coloured discharge, blood and urine, genital sores/blisters, failure of treatment, pregnant women equals pre-term delivery, if they have HPV increased risk of cervical cancer, infertility
31
Main management options of trichomoniasis
Oral metronidazole
32
General advice for trichomoniasis
Screening for other STI’s, screen partners, advise sexual abstinence for at least a week, good hygiene
33
Signs and symptoms of viral sore throat
Painful throat, dry scratchy throat, redness at the back of the throat, bad breath, mild cough, swollen neck glands, fever, runny nose
34
Response, which makes you want to refer viral sore throat
Difficulty breathing, unable to swallow, drooling, immunocompromised, diabetes, or chemotherapy, being over a week
35
Main management options of viral sore throat
Paracetamol, ibuprofen, anaesthetic spray, lozenges, gargle salt water
36
Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis
Fever over 38, red swollen tonsils, nausea, bad breath, headache, earache, swallowing problems
37
Response, which makes you want to refer for tonsillitis
Seven or more episodes in a year, white pus filled spots on the tonsils, symptoms don’t go away after four days, very young children, pregnant women, elderly
38
Main management for tonsillitis
Cool drinks to soothe the throat, paracetamol, ibuprofen, gargle salt water, lozenges, throat sprays, antiseptic solutions, amoxicillin
39
Signs and symptoms of scarlet fever
Sore throat, fever, headache, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, blanching rash with a sandpaper texture, strawberry tongue, swollen lymph nodes, flushed face
40
Response which makes you want to refer for Scarlet fever
Lesions equals hand foot and mouth disease, long lasting fever, a rash that differs from scarlet fever, confusion/agitation/consciousness equals TSS, severe abdominal pain, severe dehydration, immunosuppressed, under five years old, pregnant, heart disease, elderly, chronic conditions
41
Main management options for Scarlet fever
10 day course of phenoxymethyl penicillin or clarithromycin for penicillin allergy Pregnant women equals erythromycin
42
Are the general advice for Scarlett fever?
Advice, pain relief medication’s, drink fluids, clean and cover any skin breaks, no school for 24 hours after antibiotic started, handwashing and hygiene, follow-up with no change after seven days, avoid sharing cutlery, et cetera
43
Signs and symptoms of glandular fever
Fever, sore throat, lymph nodes swollen, fatigue, malaise, rash
44
Response which makes you want to refer for glandular fever
Severe and prolonged symptoms, unusual age group (not 15 to 24), respiratory distress, stridor, can swallow fluids, elderly, immuno compromised, chronic medical conditions
45
Main management for glandular fever
Paracetamol and ibuprofen to relieve pain
46
General advice for glandular fever
Symptoms usually asked 2 to 4 weeks, common tiredness, return to normal activities ASAP, avoid heavy lifting and contact/collision sports
47
Signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis
Red eyes, burning/itchy, produces a yellow/green puff that sticks to the lashes, watery eyes
48
Response which makes you want to refer bacterial conjunctivitis
Baby is less than 30 days old, wear contacts and have spots on your eyelids, sensitivity to light, change in vision like wavy lines or flashing
49
Signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis
Red water eyes, a burning/itchy/gritty feeling, sensitivity to light, swollen eyelids, puffy eyes in the morning
50
Response, which makes you refer allergic conjunctivitis
Baby is less than 30 days old, changes in vision that wavy lines are flashing
51
Signs and symptoms of a sty
Painful lump on the inside of the eyelid or around the eye, swollen and red eyelids, filled with yellow pus
52
Response, which makes you refer a stye
Does not clear up in a few weeks, affects vision, eye is producing pus
53
Signs and symptoms of a subconjunctival haemorrhage
Small red spot of blood on the white of your eye
54
Response, which makes you refer subconjunctival haemorrhage
Unexplained bleeding, you have a blood condition, chemotherapy, does not clear up in two weeks
55
Main management option for bacterial conjunctivitis
Eyedrops - chloramphenamine, or antihistamines
56
General advice for bacterial conjunctivitis
Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing and put used tissues in the bin, wash hands regularly, wash pillow cases
57
Main management options for allergic conjunctivitis
Eyedrops or antihistamines, steroid eyedrops
58
General advice for a allergic conjunctivitis
Use only sent free soaps and detergent, install an air purifier, vacuum/dust regularly,
59
Main management options for a stye
Antibiotic cream, oral antibiotics cephalexin
60
General advice for a sty
Rinsing the eyelids daily with warm water, disinfecting contact lenses and changing them regularly, removing all eye makeup before going to bed
61
Main management options for subconjunctival haemorrhage
Will resolve on its own within 7 to 14 days
62
General advice for subconjunctival haemorrhages
Avoid taking medication increase risk of bleeding and avoid rubbing your eyes
63
Signs and symptoms of impetigo
Red sauce or blisters that burst and leave golden crusty patches, itchiness
64
When To refer impetigo
Not improving after 2 to 3 days of antibiotics and rapidly deteriorating/fever
65
Signs and symptoms of cold sores
Tingling/itching or burning feeling around the mouth, a fluid filled blister will form and eventually burn to form across
66
When to refer a cold sore
Blisters on the inside of the lip or mouth, if it hasn’t started to heal within 10 days, swollen or painful gums, weak immune system
67
Signs and symptoms of angular Cheilitis
Red, swollen or cracked skin in the corners of the mouth, itching or burning, crusty blisters
68
When to refer angular Cheilitis
B12 deficiency, younger immunocompromised people, diabetes
69
Signs and symptoms of aphthous ulcers
Painful, round/oval ulcers with a yellow/grey base and a red border, found in the cheeks and tongue
70
When to refer aphthous ulcers
Lost more than three weeks, bigger than usual or in the back of the throat, bleeds or becomes more painful
71
Main management options of impetigo
Hydrogen peroxide/antibiotic cream if there is one lesion Antibiotic cream, if widespread
72
Main management options for cold sores
Anti-viral creams/tablets - aciclovir
73
General advice for cold sores
Use sunblock lip balm SPF 15+, ibuprofen/paracetamol for swelling, fluids to avoid dehydration
74
Main management options for angular cheilitis
Miconazole gel or nystatin suspension
75
General advice for angular cheilitis
Vitamins, avoid smoking, good dental hygiene
76
Main management options aphthous ulcers
Antimicrobial mouthwash, painkiller, corticosteroid lozenge, salt saline mouthwash
77
General advice for aphthous ulcers
Encourage regular dental checkups
78
Signs and symptoms of otitis media
Severe and sudden ear pain, temporary reduction in hearing, fever, irritability, fluid drainage, redness of air canal, balancing issues
79
Referring otitis media
Been infected already recently, hearing loss, severe vertigo, facial weakness or paralysis, under six months, immuno compromised
80
Signs and symptoms of otitis externa
Ear pain, itching and irritation in the canal, redness and swelling of the outer ear and the canal, feeling of pressure and fullness inside the ear, scaly skin in and around the canal, discharge from the ear which can be watery or thick
81
Referring otitis externa
Severe headache and earache, fever over 39, cellulitis spreading the face, diabetes, immunocompromised
82
Signs and symptoms of glue ear
Middle part of the ear fills up with fluid, temporary hearing loss, earache, tinnitus, problems balancing
83
Referring glue ear
Last more than three months, affects learning and development, severe hearing loss before glue, down syndrome or cleft lip
84
Signs and symptoms of wax
Earache, fullness in the ear, partial hearing loss, itchiness, discomfort and odour/discharge, tinnitus, vertigo
85
Referring wax
Cannot hear anything at all, pain in the ear, visible/suspected perforation, failed attempts at removing, more than five days, history of ear surgery or deafness
86
Main management of otitis media
Pain relief, eardrops, only antibiotics if the eardrum has been perforated
87
General advice for otitis media
Pneumonia and flu vaccines can reduce the risk and breastfeeding for six months also reduce the risk
88
Main management for glue ear
Usually wait to see if it gets better on its own for three months, blowing up a special balloon using one nostril at a time and swallowing us holding the nostril to drain the fluid If causes an infection, use antibiotics
89
Main management options for otitis externa
Antibiotic and steroid eardrops
90
General advice otitis external
I’ve avoid getting the ear wet, warm compress and general OTC pain relief
91
Main management options for wax
Olive oil drops to soften, sodium bicarbonate drops to dissolve, some GP surgeries syringe
92
General advice for wax
If prone can regularly use softening drops and do not use cotton buds
93
What is fever pain and when is it used?
Fever pain in last 24 hours - 38 or more Purulence - puss on the tonsils Attend rapidly – symptoms started less than three days ago Inflamed tonsils – red and widespread No cough or coiler – bacterial versus viral tonsillitis (viral a cough) 0-1 equals 13 to 18% streptococci = no antibiotic 2–3 equals 34 to 40% streptococci = 3 day backup of antibiotic More than four equals 62 to 65% streptococci = intermediate antibiotic if severe

Exam 1 Respiration And Immunology Y2 (52 decks)

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