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Exam 1 Respiration And Immunology Y2 > Counter Prescribing WS W9 > Flashcards

Counter Prescribing WS W9 Flashcards

1
Q

Signs and symptoms of shingles

A

Skin tingling, headache, botched rash that become itchy blisters, only on one side of the body

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2
Q

Response, which makes you refer shingles

A

The rash gets infected, pain after the rash is gone, muscle weakness, pregnancy, had more than once, if the eye is involved, if they are immunosuppressed

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3
Q

Main management options of shingles

A

Oral anti-viral, painkiller, aciclovir

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4
Q

Other general advice for shingles

A

Keep the area clean and dry, wear loose clothing, be careful around other people that have not previously had chickenpox or are pregnant

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of insect bite

A

Pain in the bite area, did they see an insect, small swollen lump, allergic reaction if it is itchy and raised, swollen if infected, they did any activities for example camp camping

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6
Q

Response which makes you refer for insect bite

A

Stung in the mouth or eyes, have cellulitis, have stomach pain or nausea, feel dizzy or lightheaded, have temperature or an allergic reaction, have travelled to somewhere foreign i.e. Australia

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7
Q

Main management options of an insect bite

A

Antihistamine, steroid cream, pain painkillers, flucloxacillin

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8
Q

Other general advice for an insect bite

A

Don’t scratch, insect repellent, cool compress

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms of ringworm

A

Ring shaped rash, it can grow and spread, slightly raise and scaly, seen in faces

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10
Q

Response, which makes you refer for ringworm

A

If it is on the scalp, if they have weak immunity, have already used an antifungal

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11
Q

Main management options for ringworm

A

Topical antifungal such as clotrimazole or miconazole

Oral antifungal may be prescribed such as terbinafine

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12
Q

Other general advice for ringworm

A

Maintain good personal hygiene, avoid scratching, wash clothing and bedding, avoid sharing personal items, disinfect surfaces

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of contact dermatitis

A

Redness, burning or stinging sensation, dry cracked skin, swelling, blisters, peeling or scaling, itching, there may be pain or tenderness and a distribution where the substance came into contact with the skin

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14
Q

Response which makes you refer for contact dermatitis

A

Intense itching or pain, wide breast rash, oozing lesions, severe swelling, suspected infection, persistent/chronic dermatitis, difficulty identifying the trigger, eyes or genitalia, diabetes, symptoms do not improve with OTC medication

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15
Q

Main management options for contact dermatitis

A

Topical corticosteroids - hydrocortisone cream or more potent corticosteroids - betamethasone

To avoid corticosteroids use calamine lotion

Oral antihistamine and or oral corticosteroid - predisolone

Cool compress, oatmeal bath, wet dressing, antibiotic - cephalexin

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16
Q

Other general advice for contact dermatitis

A

Identify and avoid the irritant/allergen, proper skin care and hygiene, moisturise regularly, wear protective clothing, avoid heat and sweat, managed stress

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of thrush

A

White vaginal discharge, cottage cheese consistency, no abnormal odour, itching and irritation around the Volver and vagina, soreness and singing during sexual intercourse or when urinating

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18
Q

Response, which makes you refer thrush

A

Antifungal not working, more than four times in a year, first time having thrush, symptoms are severe and not improving, pregnant, breastfeeding, under 16 or over 60, we immunity

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19
Q

Main management options of thrush

A

Antifungal such as clotrimazole of fluconazole

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20
Q

Other general advice for thrush

A

Use water and an emollient to wash the area rather than soap and dry properly after washing, wear cotton underwear, avoid sex, pee after sex

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21
Q

Signs and symptoms of UTI

A

Difficulty going to the toilet, burning sensation and increased frequency, itchiness, cloudy urine with an odour, cramping in lower abdomen/back, low-grade fever, blood and urine sometimes

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22
Q

Response, which makes you refer UTI

A

Very high/very low temperature, confusion or drowsiness, lower tummy pain, blood in urine, pregnancy, diabetes

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23
Q

Main management options for UTI

A

Sometimes can go away on own, paracetamol for fever, antibiotics for three days i.e. nitro fear towing, can treat from 16 to 65 on pharmacy first

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24
Q

General advice for UTI

A

Keep the area clean and dry, don’t wipe front to back, drink fluids, urinate after sex

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25
Q

Signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

A

Smelly thin discharge with no itching or soreness, burning sensation, painful sex, fishy odour

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26
Q

Response, which makes you refer

A

Candidiasis = white, odorless curdy discharge
Yellow green frothy discharge = trichomoniasis
Ulceration, acute pain = genital herpes
pH greater than 4.5 after test
systemic symptoms = fever and chills (PID)/endometritis
Severe lower abdominal pain/bleeding unnaturally
Pregnancy equals pre-term labour and postpartum infections
Immunocompromised patients

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27
Q

Main management options for bacterial vaginosis

A

Oral metronidazole or topical intravaginal metronidazole

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28
Q

General advice for bacterial vaginosis

A

Reduce exposure to contributing factors such as bubble baths and shampoo in bath

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29
Q

Signs and symptoms of trichomoniasis

A

50% asymptomatic in women, thick and scant to profuse and thick vaginal discharge, Volver itching, odour, ulceration, lower abdominal pain, painful to you go to the bathroom

For men, urethral discharge and dysuria

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30
Q

Response, which makes you refer

A

Severe abdominal pain, coloured discharge, blood and urine, genital sores/blisters, failure of treatment, pregnant women equals pre-term delivery, if they have HPV increased risk of cervical cancer, infertility

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31
Q

Main management options of trichomoniasis

A

Oral metronidazole

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32
Q

General advice for trichomoniasis

A

Screening for other STI’s, screen partners, advise sexual abstinence for at least a week, good hygiene

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33
Q

Signs and symptoms of viral sore throat

A

Painful throat, dry scratchy throat, redness at the back of the throat, bad breath, mild cough, swollen neck glands, fever, runny nose

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34
Q

Response, which makes you want to refer

A

Difficulty breathing, unable to swallow, drooling, immunocompromised, diabetes, or chemotherapy, being over a week

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35
Q

Main management options of viral sore throat

A

Paracetamol, ibuprofen, anaesthetic spray, lozenges, gargle salt water

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36
Q

Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis

A

Fever over 38, red swollen tonsils, nausea, bad breath, headache, earache, swallowing problems

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37
Q

Response, which makes you want to refer for tonsillitis

A

Seven or more episodes in a year, white pus filled spots on the tonsils, symptoms don’t go away after four days, very young children, pregnant women, elderly

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38
Q

Main management for tonsillitis

A

Cool drinks to soothe the throat, paracetamol, ibuprofen, gargle salt water, lozenges, throat sprays, antiseptic solutions, amoxicillin

39
Q

Signs and symptoms of scarlet fever

A

Sore throat, fever, headache, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, blanching rash with a sandpaper texture, strawberry tongue, swollen lymph nodes, flushed face

40
Q

Response which makes you want to refer for Scarlet fever

A

Lesions equals hand foot and mouth disease, long lasting fever, a rash that differs from scarlet fever, confusion/agitation/consciousness equals TSS, severe abdominal pain, severe dehydration, immunosuppressed, under five years old, pregnant, heart disease, elderly, chronic conditions

41
Q

Main management options for Scarlet fever

A

10 day course of phenoxymethyl penicillin or clarithromycin for penicillin allergy

Pregnant women equals erythromycin

42
Q

Are the general advice for Scarlett fever?

A

Advice, pain relief medication’s, drink fluids, clean and cover any skin breaks, no school for 24 hours after antibiotic started, handwashing and hygiene, follow-up with no change after seven days, avoid sharing cutlery, et cetera

43
Q

Signs and symptoms of glandular fever

A

Fever, sore throat, lymph nodes swollen, fatigue, malaise, rash

44
Q

Response which makes you want to refer for glandular fever

A

Severe and prolonged symptoms, unusual age group (not 15 to 24), respiratory distress, stridor, can swallow fluids, elderly, immuno compromised, chronic medical conditions

45
Q

Main management for glandular fever

A

Paracetamol and ibuprofen to relieve pain

46
Q

General advice for glandular fever

A

Symptoms usually asked 2 to 4 weeks, common tiredness, return to normal activities ASAP, avoid heavy lifting and contact/collision sports

47
Q

Signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Red eyes, burning/itchy, produces a yellow/green puff that sticks to the lashes, watery eyes

48
Q

Response which makes you want to refer bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Baby is less than 30 days old, wear contacts and have spots on your eyelids, sensitivity to light, change in vision like wavy lines or flashing

49
Q

Signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis

A

Red water eyes, a burning/itchy/gritty feeling, sensitivity to light, swollen eyelids, puffy eyes in the morning

50
Q

Response, which makes you refer allergic conjunctivitis

A

Baby is less than 30 days old, changes in vision that wavy lines are flashing

51
Q

Signs and symptoms of a sty

A

Painful lump on the inside of the eyelid or around the eye, swollen and red eyelids, filled with yellow pus

52
Q

Response, which makes you refer a stye

A

Does not clear up in a few weeks, affects vision, eye is producing pus

53
Q

Signs and symptoms of a subconjunctival haemorrhage

A

Small red spot of blood on the white of your eye

54
Q

Response, which makes you refer subconjunctival haemorrhage

A

Unexplained bleeding, you have a blood condition, chemotherapy, does not clear up in two weeks

55
Q

Main management option for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Eyedrops - chloramphenamine, or antihistamines

56
Q

General advice for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing and put used tissues in the bin, wash hands regularly, wash pillow cases

57
Q

Main management options for allergic conjunctivitis

A

Eyedrops or antihistamines, steroid eyedrops

58
Q

General advice for a allergic conjunctivitis

A

Use only sent free soaps and detergent, install an air purifier, vacuum/dust regularly,

59
Q

Main management options for a stye

A

Antibiotic cream, oral antibiotics cephalexin

60
Q

General advice for a sty

A

Rinsing the eyelids daily with warm water, disinfecting contact lenses and changing them regularly, removing all eye makeup before going to bed

61
Q

Main management options for subconjunctival haemorrhage

A

Will resolve on its own within 7 to 14 days

62
Q

General advice for subconjunctival haemorrhages

A

Avoid taking medication increase risk of bleeding and avoid rubbing your eyes

63
Q

Signs and symptoms of impetigo

A

Red sauce or blisters that burst and leave golden crusty patches, itchiness

64
Q

When To refer impetigo

A

Not improving after 2 to 3 days of antibiotics and rapidly deteriorating/fever

65
Q

Signs and symptoms of cold sores

A

Tingling/itching or burning feeling around the mouth, a fluid filled blister will form and eventually burn to form across

66
Q

When to refer a cold sore

A

Blisters on the inside of the lip or mouth, if it hasn’t started to heal within 10 days, swollen or painful gums, weak immune system

67
Q

Signs and symptoms of angular Cheilitis

A

Red, swollen or cracked skin in the corners of the mouth, itching or burning, crusty blisters

68
Q

When to refer angular Cheilitis

A

B12 deficiency, younger immunocompromised people, diabetes

69
Q

Signs and symptoms of aphthous ulcers

A

Painful, round/oval ulcers with a yellow/grey base and a red border, found in the cheeks and tongue

70
Q

When to refer aphthous ulcers

A

Lost more than three weeks, bigger than usual or in the back of the throat, bleeds or becomes more painful

71
Q

Main management options of impetigo

A

Hydrogen peroxide/antibiotic cream if there is one lesion
Antibiotic cream, if widespread

72
Q

Main management options for cold sores

A

Anti-viral creams/tablets - aciclovir

73
Q

General advice for cold sores

A

Use sunblock lip balm SPF 15+, ibuprofen/paracetamol for swelling, fluids to avoid dehydration

74
Q

Main management options for angular cheilitis

A

Miconazole gel or nystatin suspension

75
Q

General advice for angular cheilitis

A

Vitamins, avoid smoking, good dental hygiene

76
Q

Main management options aphthous ulcers

A

Antimicrobial mouthwash, painkiller, corticosteroid lozenge, salt saline mouthwash

77
Q

General advice for aphthous ulcers

A

Encourage regular dental checkups

78
Q

Signs and symptoms of otitis media

A

Severe and sudden ear pain, temporary reduction in hearing, fever, irritability, fluid drainage, redness of air canal, balancing issues

79
Q

Referring otitis media

A

Been infected already recently, hearing loss, severe vertigo, facial weakness or paralysis, under six months, immuno compromised

80
Q

Signs and symptoms of otitis externa

A

Ear pain, itching and irritation in the canal, redness and swelling of the outer ear and the canal, feeling of pressure and fullness inside the ear, scaly skin in and around the canal, discharge from the ear which can be watery or thick

81
Q

Referring otitis externa

A

Severe headache and earache, fever over 39, cellulitis spreading the face, diabetes, immunocompromised

82
Q

Signs and symptoms of glue ear

A

Middle part of the ear fills up with fluid, temporary hearing loss, earache, tinnitus, problems balancing

83
Q

Referring glue ear

A

Last more than three months, affects learning and development, severe hearing loss before glue, down syndrome or cleft lip

84
Q

Signs and symptoms of wax

A

Earache, fullness in the ear, partial hearing loss, itchiness, discomfort and odour/discharge, tinnitus, vertigo

85
Q

Referring wax

A

Cannot hear anything at all, pain in the ear, visible/suspected perforation, failed attempts at removing, more than five days, history of ear surgery or deafness

86
Q

Main management of otitis media

A

Pain relief, eardrops, only antibiotics if the eardrum has been perforated

87
Q

General advice for otitis media

A

Pneumonia and flu vaccines can reduce the risk and breastfeeding for six months also reduce the risk

88
Q

Main management for glue ear

A

Usually wait to see if it gets better on its own for three months, blowing up a special balloon using one nostril at a time and swallowing us holding the nostril to drain the fluid

If causes an infection, use antibiotics

89
Q

Main management options for otitis externa

A

Antibiotic and steroid eardrops

90
Q

General advice otitis external

A

I’ve avoid getting the ear wet, warm compress and general OTC pain relief

91
Q

Main management options for wax

A

Olive oil drops to soften, sodium bicarbonate drops to dissolve, some GP surgeries syringe

92
Q

General advice for wax

A

If prone can regularly use softening drops and do not use cotton buds

93
Q

What is fever pain and when is it used?

A

Fever pain in last 24 hours - 38 or more
Purulence - puss on the tonsils
Attend rapidly – symptoms started less than three days ago
Inflamed tonsils – red and widespread
No cough or coiler – bacterial versus viral tonsillitis (viral a cough)

0-1 equals 13 to 18% streptococci = no antibiotic
2–3 equals 34 to 40% streptococci = 3 day backup of antibiotic
More than four equals 62 to 65% streptococci = intermediate antibiotic if severe

Exam 1 Respiration And Immunology Y2 (62 decks)

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