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Micro VII Flashcards

1
Q

ALl enterobacteriaceae have what?

A

O antigen

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2
Q

What is the e.coli strain that causes neonatal meningitis?

A

K1 capsule

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3
Q

What is the toxin that ETEC uses? MOA?

A

LT toxin

-Stimulate adenylate cyclase to increase Na Cl and water loss

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4
Q

What is MOA of clonidine?

A

Alpha 2 agonism

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5
Q

What other GI pathogens produces and secretes a toxin with a mechanism of action similar to LT toxin?

A

Cholera

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6
Q

K1 e.coli causes what disease?

A

Neonatal meningitis

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7
Q

What is the cause of HUS?

A
  • EHEC 0157:H7

- verotoxin inhibits protein synthesis

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8
Q

What causes the schistocytes in HUS?

A

“Roughing up” of the glomerular capillaries

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9
Q

What is the MOA of verotoxin found in HUS?

A

Widespread platelet aggregation

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10
Q

Which e.coli cause dysentery?

A

EHEC

EIEC

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11
Q

Which e. coli causes pus diarrhea?

A

EIEC

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12
Q

Which e.coli strain causes fever?

A

EPEC

EIEC

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13
Q

How does EHEC cause HUS? MOA?

A

Shiga toxin***

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14
Q

Why is ITP not associated with schistocytes?

A

No thromboses form–just abs toward platelets

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15
Q

What is the DOC of e.coli? (UTI,

A

UTI: Cipro or TMP/SMX

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16
Q

What closely related species to Yersinia
enterocolitica is transmitted to humans from
rodents by the bite of flea and causes a fatal
disease associated with serious suppurative
swelling of lymph nodes? Also, what is the
name of the disease that it causes?

A

Answer to closely related species to Yersinia enterocolitica is Yersinia
pestis and it causes Bubonic plague.

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17
Q

What is the third enteric bug that invades
epithelial cells of the GI and causes fever and
bloody diarrhea?
1. Shigella
2. Salmonella
3.

A

Campylobacter

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18
Q

What are the key members of the enterobacteriaceae? (S2E2C)

A
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Escherichia coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Yersinia enterocolitica
  • Serratia
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella
  • Proteus mirabilis
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19
Q

What is the most common cause of pus in the stool?

A

Campylobacter

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20
Q

List 5 must-know pathogens that produce
fever, bloody diarrhea and inflammatory PMNs
(pus) in the stool (SEC x 2)

A
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella
  • EHEC
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Campylobacter jejuni
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21
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of salmonella typhi? Is it motile? Catalase?

A

Gram negative rod
Motile
Catalase +

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22
Q

What does salmonella typhi cause?

A

Typhoid fever

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23
Q

Salmonella typhi incubation is 10 to 14 days.
Salmonella enteritidis (food poisoning) incubation
is 1 to 2 days. What is the incubation of Staph
aureus food poisoning?

A

Incubation of Staph aureus and bacillus cereus is 3-8 hours

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24
Q

What are major catalase-positive bugs, and what

virulence mechanism they have in common?

A 
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
Campylobacter
Ecoli
Shigella
Salmonella
Staph
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25
What is the incubation of Bacillus cereus food | poisoning?
3-8 hours
26
What protozoan causes dysentery and what is the pathognomonic feature seen if biopsy is taken from the colon?
Entamoeba histolytica | Flask-shaped ulcers
27
What is the morphology of salmonella enteritidis? What does it produce? Is it motile? Catalase?
Gram negative rod H2S Motile Catalase positive
28
What is the disease the salmonella enteritidis causes?
Enterocolitis (pus and bloody diarrhea)
29
What are the predisposing factors for salmonella enteritidis?
Low levels of stomach acid
30
The most common source of salmonella enteritidis | in the U.S. is thought to be due to consumption of:
Improperly cooked baking dough
31
Your patient is suspected of Typhoid fever. From what tissue do you obtain a bacterial culture; stool or blood?
Both stool and blood!
32
What salmonella has only a human reservoir?
Typhi has only a human reservoir
33
What is the DOC of Salmonella?
Ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, 3rd generation | cephalosporins and TMP/SMX
34
Poultry products are the #1 cause of Salmonellosis | in the USA. What other animal is a major carrier for Salmonellosis?
Pet turtles
35
Salmonella organisms are encapsulated. Process of their elimination includes opsonization wherein the complements, like glue, attach these bugs to the macrophages or PMNs, and then they are phagocytized within the reticuloendothelial system. In what two groups of individuals may this normal process be disturbed?
Asplenic and sickle cell disease patient
36
One group of individuals is particularly prone to | salmonella osteomyelitis; what group is this?
Sickle cell
37
What percent of people who contract typhoid fever become asymptomatic carriers and shedders?
3% of patients with S. typhi infection may become asymptomatic carriers. Note that in contrast to salmonella food poisoning that may be mild or asymptomatic, S. typhi is always serious and symptomatic. As such, these carriers/shedders are important public health hazards.
38
Where do you obtain culture specimens for S. | enteritidis; feces or blood?
Feces
39
What is the name of rash on the abdomen in S. | typhi?
Rose spots
40
What are the common causes of death from | typhoid fever? (3)
Perforation of intestinal mucosa, peritonitis and sepsis, and rupture of the spleen.
41
What classic serology identifies agglutinating | antibodies against H and O antigens of S. typhi?
Widal test
42
Which of the two salmonella alway warrants treatment?
Typhi
43
What is the firs line treatment for carriers of typhi?
Amox
44
What is the hallmark of S. typhi infx?
Persistent high fever
45
What happens within the first 10-14 days of infx with S typhi?
Fever
46
Does typhi normally cause diarrhea?
no
47
What are the most common s/sx of typhi?
Fever
48
What are the three major differences between salmonella and shigella?
No H2S Not motile Colorless on SS agar (black for salmonella)
49
What is the virulence factor of shigella?
Shiga toxin
50
How do you differentiate e.coli from shigella and salmonella?
Lactose fermentation is + for e coli but not others
51
Which is more infectious: shigella or salmonella?
Shigella
52
What is the pathogenesis of shigella?
Invades GI mucosa, and secretes shiga toxin
53
What is the gram stain and morph of shigella?
Gram negative rod
54
Flask shaped ulcers in the Gi tract = ?
Entamoeba histolytica
55
What is the treatment for shedders of salmonella?
Ampicillin
56
What is the DOC of shigella?
TMP/SMX
57
What is the DOC for salmonella?
3rd gen cephalosporin
58
What are the two lactose fermenters?
E. coli | Klebsiella
59
What are the four major lactose non-fermenters?
Proteus Pseudomonas SHigella Salmonella
60
What is the gram stain and morphology of vibrio cholerae? Oxidase status?
Gram negative comma shaped rod | Oxidase +
61
What is the treatment for cholera?
Hydrate + electrolyte replacement
62
What is another must-know Vibrio that loves salty environments for growth, causes acute enteritis, is associated with uncooked seafood, and is the number one cause of food poisoning in Japan?
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
63
Which of the following finding would most likely confirm that your patient has typhoid fever? ``` A. Watery Diarrhea B. Flask-shaped colon ulcers C. Steatorrhea D. Bacteremia E. Chronic gastritis ```
D. Bacteremia
64
What is the most important test to distinguish | pseudomonas from enterobacteriaceae?
The oxidase test differentiates Pseudomonas (oxidase-positive) from major inhabitants of the gut, namely, Enterobacteriaceae that are oxidase negative.
65
Comma-shaped and most | serious dehydration = ?
Vibrio cholera
66
Traveler’s diarrhea; heat labile | toxin; lactose-positive = ?
ETEC
67
Acid-fast protozoan transmitted | from livestock = ?
Entamoeba histolytica
68
Lactose-positive bug that causes | outbreaks in hospital nurseries = ?
EPEC
69
Cruise ship diarrhea?
Rotavirus

All the Small Things (29 decks)

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