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All the Small Things > Mico I > Flashcards

Mico I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the morphological features of Staph aureus?

A

Gram positive cocci in grape like clusters

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2
Q

What staph aureus aerobic, anaerobic, or a facultative anaerobe?

A

facultative anaerobe

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3
Q

What are the reservoirs of staph aureus?

A

Skin and nose

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4
Q

How is staph aureus resistant to PCN?

A

Produces beta-lactamase and altered binding site for PCN (MRSA)

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5
Q

What is the role of protein A in staph aureus?

A

Binds Fc IgG to inhibit complement activation and phagocytosis

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6
Q

What is the function of catalase?

A

degrades H2O2

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7
Q

What does the TSST toxin of staph aureus bind to?

A

MHC II

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8
Q

What is the role of coagulase that staph aureus produces?

A

Forms fibrin clots around self in an abscess

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9
Q

What does it mean when a bacteria is has a beta hemolysis pattern?

A

Forms a clear area of hemolysis on blood agar

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10
Q

What are the four major beta hemolytic bacteria?

A
  • Staph aureus
  • Strep pyogenes
  • Strep agalactiae
  • Listeria monocytogenes
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11
Q

What is the toxin that staph produces to cause GI issues?

A

Enterotoxin

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12
Q

What is virulence factor the staph produces to cause SSSS?

A

Exfoliative toxin

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13
Q

How do you differentiate staph epidermidis from other coagulase negative staph?

A

Novobiocin sensitive

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14
Q

How do you differentiate staph saprophyticus from other coagulase negative staph?

A

Novobiocin resistant

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15
Q

What is the treatment for staph aureus infections? (MRSA and not)

A

Nafcillin (for all but MRSA), and vanco for MRS

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16
Q

What part of the heart is affected with staph aureus?

A

Right side of the heart (d/t immune system presence in the pulmonary vasculature)

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17
Q

What are the four common diseases that staph pneumoniae causes?

A

Meningitis
Otitis
Pneumonia
Sinusitis

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18
Q

How do you differentiate staph pneumoniae from other alpha hemolytic bacteria?

A

Optochin sensitive

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19
Q

What are the two alpha hemolytic bacteria?

A

Strep viridans

Strep pneumoniae

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20
Q

What are the two beta hemolytic strep species?

A

Strep agalactiae

Strep pyogenes

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21
Q

What are the four major penicillinase resistant first generation antibiotics?

A
  • Nafcillin
  • Oxacillin
  • Methicillin
  • Dicloxacillin
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22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of penicillin?

A

Destroy the peptidoglycan linkages in the beta lactam ring

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23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of

Vancomycin?

A

Binds to D-ALA D-ALA to prevent

24
Q

What is the next DOC for MRSA? Second?

A
  1. Vancomycin

2. TMP-SMX

25
Q

What are the characteristics of staph in an abscess?

A

PMNs

26
Q

What is the function of leukocidin that staph aureus produces?

A

A type of pore forming toxin. Leukocidins get their names by killing (“-cide”) leukocytes.

27
Q

What is the motility of listeria?

A

Tumbling

28
Q

What is the food product that is associated with listeria?

A

Unpasteurized milk

Prepackaged meats

29
Q

Is Listeria catalase positive or negative?

A

Positive (“cattle -ass positive”)

30
Q

How do you differentiate between strep pyogenes and strep agalactiae?

A

Pyogenes is bacitracin sensitive, while agalactiae is not

31
Q

What is the incubation period for scombroid food poisoning?

A

Up to 1 hour (like histamine release)

32
Q

What is the incubation period for staph aureus food poisoning?

A

3-8 hours

33
Q

What is the incubation period for bacillus cereus food poisoning?

A

3-8 hours

34
Q

What is the incubation period for botulinum food poisoning?

A

0.5 to 1 day

35
Q

What type of food does scombroid live in?

A

Seafood

36
Q

What is the classic food type associated with staph aureus food poisoning?

A

Mayonnaise

37
Q

What is the food associated with bacillus cereus?

A

Reheated rice

38
Q

What is the incubation period for salmonella food poisoning?

A

1-2 days

39
Q

What are the muscles affected by botulinum toxin? (3)

A

Eyes, pharyngeal, respiratory

40
Q

What is the treatment for botulinum toxin poisoning?

A

IVIG (botulinum toxin)

41
Q

What is the gram stain, aerobic, of bacteroides fragilis?

A

Gram negative rod that is anaerobic

42
Q

What are the drugs of choice for bacillus fragilis?

A

Metronidazole

43
Q

What is the usual cause of bacillus fragilis infection?

A

Bowel sugery

44
Q

What are the s/sx of bacillus fragilis?

A

-Rash on the palms and soles

-

45
Q

What ionic situation is postulated to provide a

suitable medium for production of TSS toxin?

A

Low [Mg] (tampons absorb various ions)

46
Q

What gram-positive rod causes flaccid

paralysis and produces a heat labile toxin?

A

Clostridium botulinum

47
Q

Is salmonella toxin heat stable or labile?

A

stable

48
Q

What is the anaerobe that commonly produces abscess?

A

bacteroides

49
Q

Is staph toxin heat stable or labile?

A

stable

50
Q

What are the 3 clinical setting for toxic shock syndrome?

A
  1. tampons
  2. Wound dressing
  3. Nose packing
51
Q

What are the side effects of vancomycin?

A

Flushing
Ototoxic
Nephrotoxic
Thrombophlebitis

52
Q

What is red man syndrome? How do you prevent it?

A
53
Q

What are the diseases that are caused by staph aureus?

A
  • Skin infx
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Food poisoning
  • TSST
  • Pneumonia (hospital acquired)
  • Acute endocarditis
  • Infective arthritis
  • Necrotizing fasciitis
  • Sepsis
54
Q

What is the number 1 cause of necrotizing

fasciitis (flesh eating disease)?

A
  1. Strep pyogenes
  2. Clostridium perfringens
  3. Staph a
55
Q

What is the number 2 cause of death in noncoronary
ICU patients and the 10th overall
cause of death in the USA?

A

Sepsis

56
Q

What type of diarrhea does bacillus cereus cause: bloody or not?

A

Watery

All the Small Things (29 decks)

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