Mico I

Question 1

What are the morphological features of Staph aureus?

Answer 1

Gram positive cocci in grape like clusters

Question 2

What staph aureus aerobic, anaerobic, or a facultative anaerobe?

Answer 2

facultative anaerobe

Question 3

What are the reservoirs of staph aureus?

Answer 3

Skin and nose

Question 4

How is staph aureus resistant to PCN?

Answer 4

Produces beta-lactamase and altered binding site for PCN (MRSA)

Question 5

What is the role of protein A in staph aureus?

Answer 5

Binds Fc IgG to inhibit complement activation and phagocytosis

Question 6

What is the function of catalase?

Answer 6

degrades H2O2

Question 7

What does the TSST toxin of staph aureus bind to?

Answer 7

MHC II

Question 8

What is the role of coagulase that staph aureus produces?

Answer 8

Forms fibrin clots around self in an abscess

Question 9

What does it mean when a bacteria is has a beta hemolysis pattern?

Answer 9

Forms a clear area of hemolysis on blood agar

Question 10

What are the four major beta hemolytic bacteria?

Answer 10

• Staph aureus
• Strep pyogenes
• Strep agalactiae
• Listeria monocytogenes

Question 11

What is the toxin that staph produces to cause GI issues?

Answer 11

Enterotoxin

Question 12

What is virulence factor the staph produces to cause SSSS?

Answer 12

Exfoliative toxin

Question 13

How do you differentiate staph epidermidis from other coagulase negative staph?

Answer 13

Novobiocin sensitive

Question 14

How do you differentiate staph saprophyticus from other coagulase negative staph?

Answer 14

Novobiocin resistant

Question 15

What is the treatment for staph aureus infections? (MRSA and not)

Answer 15

Nafcillin (for all but MRSA), and vanco for MRS

Question 16

What part of the heart is affected with staph aureus?

Answer 16

Right side of the heart (d/t immune system presence in the pulmonary vasculature)

Question 17

What are the four common diseases that staph pneumoniae causes?

Answer 17

Meningitis
Otitis
Pneumonia
Sinusitis

Question 18

How do you differentiate staph pneumoniae from other alpha hemolytic bacteria?

Answer 18

Optochin sensitive

Question 19

What are the two alpha hemolytic bacteria?

Answer 19

Strep viridans

Strep pneumoniae

Question 20

What are the two beta hemolytic strep species?

Answer 20

Strep agalactiae

Strep pyogenes

Question 21

What are the four major penicillinase resistant first generation antibiotics?

Answer 21

• Nafcillin
• Oxacillin
• Methicillin
• Dicloxacillin

Question 22

What is the mechanism of action of penicillin?

Answer 22

Destroy the peptidoglycan linkages in the beta lactam ring

Question 23

What is the mechanism of action of

Vancomycin?

Answer 23

Binds to D-ALA D-ALA to prevent

Question 24

What is the next DOC for MRSA? Second?

Answer 24

1. Vancomycin

2. TMP-SMX

Question 25

What are the characteristics of staph in an abscess?

Answer 25

PMNs

Question 26

What is the function of leukocidin that staph aureus produces?

Answer 26

A type of pore forming toxin. Leukocidins get their names by killing ("-cide") leukocytes.

Question 27

What is the motility of listeria?

Answer 27

Tumbling

Question 28

What is the food product that is associated with listeria?

Answer 28

Unpasteurized milk | Prepackaged meats

Question 29

Is Listeria catalase positive or negative?

Answer 29

Positive ("cattle -ass positive")

Question 30

How do you differentiate between strep pyogenes and strep agalactiae?

Answer 30

Pyogenes is bacitracin sensitive, while agalactiae is not

Question 31

What is the incubation period for scombroid food poisoning?

Answer 31

Up to 1 hour (like histamine release)

Question 32

What is the incubation period for staph aureus food poisoning?

Answer 32

3-8 hours

Question 33

What is the incubation period for bacillus cereus food poisoning?

Answer 33

3-8 hours

Question 34

What is the incubation period for botulinum food poisoning?

Answer 34

0.5 to 1 day

Question 35

What type of food does scombroid live in?

Answer 35

Seafood

Question 36

What is the classic food type associated with staph aureus food poisoning?

Answer 36

Mayonnaise

Question 37

What is the food associated with bacillus cereus?

Answer 37

Reheated rice

Question 38

What is the incubation period for salmonella food poisoning?

Answer 38

1-2 days

Question 39

What are the muscles affected by botulinum toxin? (3)

Answer 39

Eyes, pharyngeal, respiratory

Question 40

What is the treatment for botulinum toxin poisoning?

Answer 40

IVIG (botulinum toxin)

Question 41

What is the gram stain, aerobic, of bacteroides fragilis?

Answer 41

Gram negative rod that is anaerobic

Question 42

What are the drugs of choice for bacillus fragilis?

Answer 42

Metronidazole

Question 43

What is the usual cause of bacillus fragilis infection?

Answer 43

Bowel sugery

Question 44

What are the s/sx of bacillus fragilis?

Answer 44

-Rash on the palms and soles | -

Question 45

What ionic situation is postulated to provide a | suitable medium for production of TSS toxin?

Answer 45

Low [Mg] (tampons absorb various ions)

Question 46

What gram-positive rod causes flaccid | paralysis and produces a heat labile toxin?

Answer 46

Clostridium botulinum

Question 47

Is salmonella toxin heat stable or labile?

Answer 47

stable

Question 48

What is the anaerobe that commonly produces abscess?

Answer 48

bacteroides

Question 49

Is staph toxin heat stable or labile?

Answer 49

stable

Question 50

What are the 3 clinical setting for toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 50

1. tampons 2. Wound dressing 3. Nose packing

Question 51

What are the side effects of vancomycin?

Answer 51

Flushing Ototoxic Nephrotoxic Thrombophlebitis

Question 52

What is red man syndrome? How do you prevent it?

Answer 52

***

Question 53

What are the diseases that are caused by staph aureus?

Answer 53

- Skin infx - Osteomyelitis - Food poisoning - TSST - Pneumonia (hospital acquired) - Acute endocarditis - Infective arthritis - Necrotizing fasciitis - Sepsis

Question 54

What is the number 1 cause of necrotizing | fasciitis (flesh eating disease)?

Answer 54

1. Strep pyogenes 2. Clostridium perfringens 3. Staph a

Question 55

What is the number 2 cause of death in noncoronary ICU patients and the 10th overall cause of death in the USA?

Answer 55

Sepsis

Question 56

What type of diarrhea does bacillus cereus cause: bloody or not?

Answer 56

Watery