Anatomy Review I Flashcards
1
Q
What is the innervation of the pericardium?
A
Phrenic nerve
2
Q
Friction rub = ?
A
Pericarditis
3
Q
What are the EKG findings of pericarditis?
A
Diffuse ST elevation
4
Q
What are the clinical findings of pericarditis?
A
Sharp pain, worse with inspiration and supine
Better with leaning forward
5
Q
What are the complications that can arise from pericarditis?
A
Effusion
Tamponade
6
Q
What is the treatment for pericarditis?
A
Pericardiocentesis
7
Q
Where do coronary arteries originate from?
A
Ostia in the sinus of valsalva, just distal to the aortic valve
8
Q
When in the cardiac cycle do cardiac vessels fill?
A
Diastole
9
Q
True or false: nodes on valves are always pathologic
A
False–can be normal
10
Q
What are the two major branches of the LCA?
A
LAD
LCX
11
Q
What are the branches of the RCA?
A
PDA (usually)
SA and AV nodal arteries
marginal
12
Q
Chest pain + bradycardia = ?
A
RCA infarct d/t loss of SA/AV nodal arteries
13
Q
Where is the heart sound for the mitral valve?
A
Left fifth intercostal space, near midclavicular line
14
Q
Systolic or diastolic murmur: aortic stenosis
A
Systole
15
Q
Systolic or diastolic murmur: mitral regurg
A
Systole
16
Q
Systolic or diastolic murmur: aortic regurg
A
Diastolic
17
Q
Systolic or diastolic murmur: pulmonic regurgitation
A
diastolic
18
Q
Systolic or diastolic murmur: mitral/ tricuspid stenosis
A
Diastolic
19
Q
Head bobbing goes with what heart murmur?
A
Aortic regurg
20
Q
What makes pulmonary regurg worse?
A
Deep breathing
21
Q
What are the three histological layers of the aorta?
A
Intima
Media
Externa
22
Q
What does a bicuspid aortic valve predispose pts to?
A
dissection
23
Q
Proximal and distal aortic dissection = which stanford grade?
A
A if ascending is involved at all
24
Q
CT diseases usually cause aortic dilation where?
A
Ascending
25
What is the dilation amount for aortic aneurysms that indicate surgery?
More than 5.5 cm (5.0 for females)
26
Who get screened for aortic aneurysms?
60+
27
Problems with the rostral fold = ?
Sternal defects
28
Problems with lateral folds = ?
Gastroschisis
| Omphalocele
29
Problems with caudal folds =?
Bladder exstrophy
30
Midgu problems between the 6th and 10th weeks = ?
Midgut herniates
31
Double bubble sign on x-ray = ?
Duodenal atresia
32
What is the usual presentation of Hirschsprung's disease?
Failure to pass meconium in the first 24 hours
33
What are the presenting symptoms of annular pancreas?
Problem digesting 2/2 stenosis and blockage of pancreatic secretions
34
Where, relative to the umbilicus, do gastroschisis occur?
Lateral to the umbilicus, and NOT covered by a sac
35
What is an omphalocele?
Herniation of abdominal contents into the umbilical cord, and COVERED by the peritoneum
36
Palpable olive mass in an infant = ?
Pyloric stenosis
37
What type of emesis is had with pyloric stenosis?
Non-bilious, projectile vomiting
38
What are the s/sx of esophageal atresia?
Drooling, choking, and air in stomach
39
The vagus wraps around the esophagus or aorta?
Esophagus
40
The thoracic duct goes through the diaphragm at what spinal level?
T12 (with aorta)
41
The phrenic nerve goes through the diaphragm with what?
IVC
42
What are the components of the portal triad?
Bile duct
portal vein
Hepatic artery
43
Where does viral hepatitis affect the liver lobules (which zone)?
Zone 1
44
What are the bile ducts formed by?
The dilated intercellular space between hepatocytes
45
Cystic duct + Common hepatic duct = ?
Common bile duct
46
The spleen lies in front of which ribs?
9, 10, 11
47
Hour glass stomach = ?
Sliding hiatal hernia
48
What is a paraesophageal hernia?
Fundus moves into the chest cavity
49
What part of the brachial plexus is affected with TOS?
Lower trunk and subclavian vessels
50
What is the problem with Er-Duchenne's palsy?
**
51
What is the innervation of the subscapularis?
Subscapular nerve
52
What is the test for the subscapularis?
Lift off test
53
What is the function of the teres minor
Externally rotates the arm
54
What is the function of the subscapularis?
Internally rotates the arm
55
What is the function of the infraspinatus?
Externally rotates the arm
56
Surgical neck fracture of the humerus = what nerve injury?
Axillary nerve
57
midshaft fracture of the humerus = what nerve injury?
radial nerve
58
What is saturday night pasly
Radial nerve injury, causes wrist drop
59
Distal fracture of the humerus = what nerve injury?
ulnar nerve--ulnar claw hand
60
What is a colles fractures?
FOOSH! injury, causing radius fracture
61
What is a smith's fracture
***
62
What is the most commonly fractured and dislocated wrist bones?
```
Fractured = scaphoid
Dislocated = lunate
```
63
What is the spinal level, and innervation of: iliohypogastric nerve?
Innervates rectus abdominus
64
What is the spinal level, and innervation of: ilioinguinal nerve
Goes through, but not in, the spermatic cord
65
What is the spinal level, and innervation of: genitofemoral nerve?
L1-L2, cremaster
66
The neural plate becomes what?
Neural tube
67
What does the neural crest cells becomes?
PNS
68
What does the neuroectoderm become?
CNS
69
What is the function os astrocytes?
structural suipppoer, BBB
70
What happens to the neurons with Wallerian degeneration?
***
71
What is the function of the lateral hypothalamus?
Feeling hungry-- - leptin
72
What is the function of the ventromedial hypothalamus?
Feeling full + leptin
73
What is the function of the anterior hypothalamus?
Cooling
74
What is the function of the posterior hypothalamus?
Heating
75
What is the function of the suprachiasmatic hypothalamus?
Circadian rhythm/sleep
76
Heating works via the PNS or SNS? Cooling?
```
Heating = SNS
Cooling = PNS
```
77
What is the function of the VPM nucleus of the thalamus?
Sensation from the mouth, including taste
78
What is the function of the LGN nucleus of the thalamus?
Vision
79
What is the function of the fornix?
Connects the hippocampus to the mamillary bodies
80
What is the function of the subthalamic nucleus?
9
81
Hemiballismus = what nucleus is damaged?
Subthalamic nucleus
82
Medial lesions to the cerebellum = ?
Vermis or medial nucleus will result in truncal ataxia, wide based gait, and generally bilateral deficits
83
Lateral lesions to the cerebellum = ?
Usually affected the voluntary movement of the extremities, generally ipsilated and the patient wills tumble towards the side of the lesion
84
Slurred speech = what part of the cerebellum is affected?
Medial
85
Berry aneurysms involve what arties?
Anterior communicating arteries
86
Carotid artery passes through what cranial bone?
Temporal
87
Carotid artery passes through which cranial bone?
Temporal
88
SAH is related to what?
Berry aneurysms
89
What is the blood supply medial to the internal capsule?
PCA
90
What Is the the blood supply lateral to the internal capsule?
MCA
91
What is the blood supply to the inferior part of the internal capsule?
***
92
What are the CN nuclei that are medial in the brainstem?
3
4
6
12
(all multiples of 12)
93
What are the CN nuclei that are medial in the brainstem?
3
4
6
12
(12 is divisible by all of them, except 2)
94
Trigeminal nerve lesion = jaw deviates toward or away from the side of the lesion
TOWARD (pterygoid is dysfunctional)
95
What is the nucleus that relays taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Solitary nucleus
96
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue taste sensation = which CN?
IX
97
Does the uvula point toward or away from a CN X lesion?
Away
98
What is the mouth reflex that is innervated by the gag?
```
IX = afferent
X = efferent
```
99
What happens to the pronephros?
Develops in week 4, then disappears
100
What is the mesonephros?
Interim kidy from 1 trimester
101
What is the metanephros?
Appears in the 5th weeks, and is permanent, nephrogenesis from here on out
102
The ureteric bud is derived from what?
Mesonephric duct and becomes ureter, renal pelvis, calyces, and collecting ducts
103
What is the spatial relationship between the ureters and the ductus deferens
Water runs under the bridge
104
What is the early fetal milestone for 0-1 wks?
blastocyst implants, hCG secretion begins
105
What is the early fetal milestone for 2 wks?
Bilaminar disc forms
106
What is the early fetal milestone for 3 wks?
Trilaminar disc forms
107
What is the early fetal milestone for 3-8 wks?
important organogenesis
108
What is the early fetal milestone for 4 wks?
***
109
The umbilical cord is derived from what?
Allantois
110
The umbilical cord has what three vessels?
***two veins, one artery
111
What does the suspensory ligament of the ovary connect/ What does it contain?
Ovaries to the lateral wall
Ovarian vessels
112
What does the cardinal ligament of the ovary connect/ What does it contain?
Cervi to the altera wall of the pelvis
| Uterine vessels
113
What does the round ligament of the ovary connect/ What does it contain?
Uterine fundus to the labia major
114
What does the broad ligament of the ovary connect/ What does it contain?
Uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, and connects to the pelvic side wall
Ovaris, fallopian tubes, and round ligament
115
What does the ovarian ligament of the ovary connect/ What does it contain?
Medial aspect of the ovary to lateral aspect of the uterus
116
SEVEN UP
```
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferns
Ejacualtory duct
Nothing
```
Urethra
Penis
117
What is the fascial layers of the penis from deep to superficial?
Bucks then, dartos from deep to superficial
118
Where does the pudendal nerve exit?
Out the great, in the lesser
119
What is the nerve supply to the anterior and posterior part of the vagina
Anterior = ilioinguinal
Posterior = pudendal
