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Micro III Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of scalded skin syndrome?

A

Staph aureus

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2
Q

Where is the rash with SSSS that is characteristic?

A

Palms and soles

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3
Q

Who is usually affected with SSSS?

A

Babies

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4
Q

What is the complication of SSSS?

A

Impetigo

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5
Q

What is the toxin that causes SSSS?

A

Exfoliatin

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6
Q

What is the toxin that causes scarlet fever

A

Erythrogenic / pyrogenic toxin

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7
Q

What areas of the skin are NOT affected with scarlet fever?

A

Palms and soles

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8
Q

Crusting of the distal palmar aspect of the fingers = what two diseases?

A

Kawasaki

SSSS

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9
Q

What is the scarlatiniform rash?

A

Rash seen with SSSS

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10
Q

Strawberry tongue = what two diseases?

A

Scarlet fever or Kawasaki’s disease

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11
Q

What is the difference between cellulitis and erysipelas?

A

Erysipelas is more superficial, and sharply demarcated

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12
Q

What is the most common site for cellulitis?

A

Lower legs

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13
Q

What is the more dreaded complication of cellulitis?

A

Sepsis

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14
Q

What is the most common way of getting cellulitis?

A

skin cuts, scratches, and insect bites

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15
Q

What virulence factor of S pyogenes causes cellulitis?

A

Hyaluronidase–causes death of cells d/t damage of the cell membrane

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16
Q

Those is a h/o RF need what?

A

abx prophylaxis

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17
Q

What is the cause of impetigo contaGioSa?

A

S. pyoGeneS

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18
Q

What is the cause of bulloUS impetigo?

A

Staph AureUS

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19
Q

Why is it important to distinguish between strep and staph caused impetigo?

A

Post strep GMN

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20
Q

What is the buttonhole deformity? What causes it?

A

Finger that is held in flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint and slight hyperextension at the distal interphalangeal joint

Results from the disruption of the central slip of the extensor. The lateral slips gradually separate and the proximal phalanx slips through the gap.

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21
Q

What are the topical abx that are used for treatment of impetigo by both s pyogenes and S. aureus?

A

Cephalexin
Clindamycin
Mupirocin

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22
Q

What is the MOA of mupirocin?

A

Binds to isoleucyl tRNA synthetase in S pyogenes and S aureus and inhibits protein synthesis

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23
Q

What is the MOA of clindamycin?

A

Inhibits the 50s subunit of the ribosome

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24
Q

What is the MOA of cephalosporins?

A

Beta lactam

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25
What is MacCallum's plaques? What is the characteristic findings in the blood with this?
Irregular thickening caused by subendocardial lesions, usually in the left atrium, in rheumatic heart disease causes thrombosis
26
What are the top three bacterial causes of sepsis as a result of skin infection?
1. Strep Pyogenes 2. Staph aureus 3. Pseudomonas
27
Sepsis in a burn pt = what bacteria?
Pseudomonas
28
What is the main difference between the exo and endotoxins from the standpoint of the delivery mechanism?
***
29
Jarisch herxheimer rxn = ?
Treatment of syphilis causes exotoxin release***
30
What are the morphological characteristics of GBS?
- Gram positive cocci - Beta hemolytic - Resistant to bacitracin - CAMP +, Catalase -
31
What is the reservoir of GBS?
Normal vaginal flora
32
How is GBS transmitted? (3)
vertical: - placenta - Vaginal canal - Milk
33
What is the virulence factor associated with GBS?
anti-phagocytic capsule
34
What is the only bacteria that is CAMP +?
GBS
35
What is the major disease caused by GBS?
Neonatal pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis
36
What are the major complications of transmission of GBS via the placenta?
hydrops fetalis
37
What is the treatment for GBS + mothers?
PCN
38
When are pregnant women screened for GBS?
35-37 weeks gestation
39
What are the 5 major bacterial pathogens that cause birth canal infections?
1. GBS 2. Gonococcus 3. E. Coli with K1 capsule 4. Chlamydia 5. Listeria
40
What are the 3 major viral pathogens that cause birth canal infections?
1. HSV 2 2. CMV 3. HBV
41
What is the treatment for a GBS + mother that is in labor, but there is no time for PCN?
Cesarian section
42
Culture of blood in a patient reveals beta-hemolytic gram-positive cocci that are catalase-negative and resistant to bacitracin but CAMP test-positive. What is the most likely age of the patient? ``` A. 2 weeks to 4 weeks B. 1 month to 6 months C. 6 months to 6 years D. 6 years to 16 years E. 20 to 40 years ```
A. 2 weeks to 4 weeks
43
Your patient is a 6-year-old boy with papular and pustular skin lesions on his face. A serous, ―honey colored‖ fluid exudes from the lesions. You suspect impetigo. A Gram-stain of the pus reveals many neutrophilic and gram-positive cocci in chains. If you cultured the pus on blood agar, which one of the following would you MOST likely see? A. Small beta-hemolytic colonies containing bacteria that are bacitracin-sensitive. B. Small alpha-hemolytic colonies containing bacteria that are resistant to optochin. C. Large non-hemolytic colonies containing bacteria that are oxidase-positive. D. Small non-hemolytic colonies containing bacteria that grow in 6.5% NaCl. E. Small beta-hemolytic colonies that are bacitracin resistant.
A. Small beta-hemolytic colonies containing | bacteria that are bacitracin-sensitive.
44
What is the shape of strep pneumoniae? Gram stain?
Lancet shaped | Gram positive diplococcus, that is alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive
45
What is the Quellung rxn result for strep pneumoniae? What is it?
positive Abs to pneumoniae capsule added to serum, causes swelling of the bacterial cell wall
46
What is the usual cause of community acquired pneumonia?
Strep pneumoniae
47
What are the top three infectious causes of OM?
1. Strep pneumo 2. Moraxella catarrhalis 3. H flu (non-typable)
48
What are the encapsulated organisms?
Strep pneumoniae HiB Neisseria E.coli Salmonella Klebsiella i Strep B
49
What is the inheritance pattern and issue with hereditary spherocytosis?
- AD | - Ankyrin defect in RBC structure
50
Asplenic pts are more susceptible to what type of bacteria?
Encapsulated organisms
51
What is the most important management strategy for asplenic pts?
Vaccinate
52
What are the top 4 bacterial causes of community acquired sepsis as a result of pneumonia?
Strep pneumoniae HiB Legionella Chlamydia pneumoniae
53
What is "typical" pneumonia?
Lobar pneumonia
54
What 3 bugs have a + Quellung test?
1. Neisseria 2. HiB 3. Strep pneumo
55
What is the most likely etiology of mitral valve infection in a 21-year-old woman with history of rheumatic fever who has recently removed one her molar teeth?
Strep mutans
56
What is the strep species that is associated with bowel cancer?
Bovis in the blood | Cancer in the colon
57
What are the four major strep viridans groups?
S mitis S mutans S sanguis S Salivarius
58
What is the hemolysis pattern of strep viridans? How can you differentiate these from strep pneumo?
Alpha | optochin
59
The two most important causes of endocarditis | in the USA are what?
Strep viridans | Staph aureus
60
Staph aureus causes an acute endocarditis | often secondary to what?
Infections elsewhere
61
Viridans causes what type of endocarditis?
a sub-acute endocarditis mainly in patients with predisposing congenital heart diseases
62
What indicates that endocarditis is caused by staph epidermidis?
Prothesis
63
What is the most common cause of incisional wound infection and postpartum mastitis?
Staph Aureus

All the Small Things (29 decks)

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