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Anatomy and phys. cardiovascular > Micro Lecture > Flashcards

Micro Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of the sinus membranes

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2
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx

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3
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of the epiglottitis; can block airway

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4
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of the larynx; can cause temporary voice loss

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5
Q

Tracheitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of the trachea

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6
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of the brocci and or bronchioles the

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7
Q

Croup

A

Combined inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles caused mainly by viruses. Characterized by barking cough and stridor (wheezing or loud breathing due to blocked airway)

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8
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the alveoli

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9
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

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10
Q

Paroxysm

A

A sudden violent attack

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11
Q

What is the most common type of the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus

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12
Q

What are all mark symptoms of the common cold

A

Runny nose
Sudden onset of sore throat
Coughing
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Low grade fever
Fatigue

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13
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus RSV

A

Leasing causes acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under 5
Top cause of bronchitis in children 1 and under

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14
Q

Adenovirus

A

Sore throat and cold like symptoms can cause conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, cystitis, bronchitis croup and pneumonia very good at being spread (pink eye)

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15
Q

Hanta pulmonary syndrome

A

Transmitted through rodents and inhalation of airborne dust of rodent urine and feces
** Pulmonary edema (accumulation of fluid in the lungs)

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16
Q

SARS-CoV-2

A

*** acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
RNA virus

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17
Q

Influenza

A

Type A- most common and can cause death
Type B- less impactful
Type C - mild influenza

HA- allows for attachment
NA- Allows new viruses to escape
Most strains bind to ciliated cells in upper respiratory tract
(RNA virus)
Fever, aches, cough, tired, sudden onset

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18
Q

Ottis media

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Nontypale hameophilus influenzae typically a bacterial infection in the middle ear. Mucus is unable to drain.

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19
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)

A

Acute pharyngitis
Gram positive clock and grow in chains
Swollen lymph nodes and white spots in the throat Hallmark symptoms
Cough is usually absent
S.pyogenes

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20
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Red and paper like rash
Reddened tongue that resembles a strawberry
S. Pyogenes *****
Rash starts on the face and neck. Mechanism of disease- toxin

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21
Q

The upper respiratory tract does not include

A

Larynx

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22
Q

Which structure in the respiratory system is attached to the alveoli

A

Bronchiole

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23
Q

What is the leading cause of community acquired bacterial pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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24
Q

Which of the following leads to all the rest ?

A

Cytotoxin

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25
Q

What causes the formation of a membrane across the throat?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

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26
Q

Which is resistant to destruction by phagocytes?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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27
Q

What is the reservoir for legionella pedophilia

A

Water

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28
Q

_____ is caused by a strain of streptococcus pyogenes that makes an erythrogenic toxin

A

Scarlet fever

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29
Q

____ is an infection that impacts immune compromised patients. Choose all that apply.

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia and aspergillus

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30
Q

Malaise

A

Sense of feeling unwell or uncomfortable

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31
Q

Lymphangitis

A

Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels

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32
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Increase in white blood cells

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33
Q

A 6 year old girl was taken to the physician for evaluation of a slowly growing bump on the back of her head. The bump was raised, scaling leasing 4cm in diameter. A fungal culture of material from the lesion was positive for fungus. The girls disease was

A

Dermatomycosis

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34
Q

A 12 year old boy had a fever, rash, and headaches, sore throat and cough. He also had a macular rash on his trunk, face and arms. A throat culture was negative for streptococcus pyogenes. The boy most likely has

A

Measles

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35
Q

Which of the following is responsible for severe birth defects if contracted during pregnancy?

A

Rubella

36
Q

Which of the following are the most common causes of neonatal conjunctivitis

A

Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis

37
Q

You microscopically examine scrapings from a case of Acanthamoeba keratitis. You expect to see

A

Eukaryotic cell

38
Q

Stridor

A

Wheezing or loud breathing associated with blocked air way

39
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

40
Q

Consolidation

A

Apparent merging of the lung air sacs when fluid accumulates. Evident as opaque areas on XR

41
Q

Bacteremia

A

Presence of bacteria in the blood

42
Q

Viral respiratory infections

A

Common cold
RSV
Adenovirus
Influenza
SARS-CoV-2
Hantavirvus pulmonary syndrome

43
Q

Bacterial infections

A

Ottis media
Strep throat
Scarlet fever
Rheumatic fever
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Legionaires disease
Psittacosis
Q fever
Tulermia

44
Q

Rheumatica

A

Cause by S. Pyogenes
Can cause inflammation of the joints , nervous system, heart and skin

45
Q

Diphtheria

A

Caused by gram positive bacteria corynebacterium diphtheria
Transmission respiratory droplets
Signs and symptoms; sore throat, fever cough bull neck
Can be fatal

46
Q

Pertussis
(Whooping cough)

A

Gram negative ; bordetella pertussis
First phase
Second phase: severe coughing attacks (paroxysms)

47
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis;acid fast rod
Asymptomatic late infection that progresses to active infection cough with blood, fatigue weight loss

48
Q

Pneumonia

A

Typical- high fever , chest pain, gram positive or negative , 80% cases usually from this

Atypical- low fever, little to no chills, community required typically associated, XR looks worse , no culture , 20%

49
Q

Pneumococcal pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the bacteria associated. Gram positive and diplococcus
Humans to human transmission
Via respiratory droplets

50
Q

Haemophilus influenzae hib pneumonia

A

Haemophilus bacteria influenzae, gram negative bacteria

51
Q

Non zoonotic illness
Atypical pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Legionella species

52
Q

Zoonotic illness

A

Psittacosis
Q fever
Tularemia

53
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (walking pneumonia)

A

Lack cell wall neither gram positive or negative
Asymptomatic
Symptomatic chills cough fever muscle ache

54
Q

Chlamydophila pneumonia

A

Bacteria is chlamydophila pneumoniae; gram negative bacteria
Sinusitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis

55
Q

Legionaires disease

A

Legionella pneumophilia ; gram negative. Transmission aerosols
Can be found in water

56
Q

Psittacosis

A

Chlamydophila psittaci ; gram negative
Pet shop workers, zoo employees
Transmitted through bird droppings
Muscle aches, stiffness and spasms of back

57
Q

Q fever (query fever)

A

Coxiella burnetti; gram negative
Flu like symptoms
Transmission; unpasteurized milk and cheese, livestock become infected from ticks,

58
Q

Tularemia (rabbit fever)

A

Francisella tularensis ; gram negative
Extremely infectious zoonotic disease
Airborne from hay contaminated with animal carcasses
Lymph nodes can become enlarged

59
Q

Mycoses

A

Infection bacterial or viral in the respiratory tract due to fungus

60
Q

Endemic fungi vs ubiquitous fungi

A

Grow in specific geographical locations vs varied climates under diverse conditions and are part of normal flora. Infections only occur in immunocompromised patients

61
Q

Fungal infections

A

Blastomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Aspergillus
Pneumocystis pneumonia

62
Q

Blastomycosis (Chicago disease)

A

Blastomyces dermatitis bacteria
Non communicable
Digging wood or construction (airborne)
Anti fungal drugs

63
Q

Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever)

A

Bacteria coccidioides immits
Coccidioides posadasii
Non communicable.spread with the wind

64
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Histoplasma capsulatum
Airborne w dust and soil poo
Bat and bird droppings

65
Q

Invasive aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus species
Inhalation of spores

66
Q

Pcp pneumocystis pneumonia

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii
Reservoir unknown
Transmission asymptomatic human carriers
Dry cough

67
Q

Febrile seizures

A

Convulsions , twitching or shaking induced by fever

68
Q

Congenital rubella syndrome

A

Condition in infants born of mothers who contract rubella while pregnant may result in blindness, deafness and heart conditions in baby

69
Q

Skin defense mechanisms

A

Melanin- antimicrobial properties
Persipation - acidic PH, high salt content, washes away microbes
Lysozyme - enzymes present in sweat
Breaks down peptodoglycan
Sebum- lipis and proteins help moisture hair follicles

70
Q

Normal microbiota of the skin you should be familiar with

A

Gram positive cocci - staphylococcus species
Gram negative rods- pseudomonas and janthinibacterium
Fungi- malassezia

71
Q

Viral skin infections

A

Chickenpox and shingles
Smallpox
Human herpes virus 1 and 2
Measles
Rubella
Fifth disease
Roseola
Hand foot and mouth disease
Warts

72
Q

Chickenpox and shingles

A

Caused by varicella zoster (herpes family)
Highly contagious
Spread through respiratory droplets and direct contact with pox lesions

73
Q

Chicken pox

A

Vesicular rash
Itchy and fever
Respiratory tract migrates to blood

74
Q

Shingles

A

Reactivation of the virus
Appears as band of blisters on one side of the body
Can lead to PHN postherpetic neuralgia

75
Q

Small pox

A

Respiratory droplets or touching contaminated fomites
Eradicated

76
Q

Human herpes simplex virus one

A

Oral herpes
Produce vesicular skin lesions transmitted through saliva or contaminated fomites
Becomes latent
No cure or vaccine

77
Q

Herpes gladitorum

A

Common in wrestlers
Contact with mats or direct contact with an infected wrestler
Break out on the face

78
Q

Herpes whitlow

A

Occurred when virus enters fingers via abrasion common in healthcare workers

79
Q

Maculopapular rashes

A

Small, slightly raised
Associated with measles
Rubella
Rubeola
Fifth disease
Hand foot and mouth

80
Q

Measles

A

Respiratory route spread
Koplik’s spots in mouth
Begins in mouth spreads to trunk and capillaries
Contagious without showing signs

81
Q

Rubella; togaviridae family

A

RNA
Enters via respiratory tract spreads to lymph nodes and to the rest of the body by blood stream

82
Q

Fifth disease ( erythema infectious);

A

Slapped cheek syndrome
Caused by parvovirus B19
Rash may develop on trunk and limbs

83
Q

Roseola

A

Caused by herpes 6 and 7
Red rash that covers most of body
Fever

84
Q

Hand foot and mouth disease

A

Coxsakievirus A16
Enterovirus 71
Lesions in hands and feet

85
Q

Warts

A

Itchy and hurt
Papillomarvirus infection
Most warts self resolve

86
Q

Acne

A

Clogging of skin pores
Genetics
Hormone levels

Anatomy and phys. cardiovascular (27 decks)

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