Important terms Flashcards
Fibrous pericardium
Serous parietal pericardium
Serous visceral pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Myocardium
endocardium
Atria (right and left)
Ventricles (right and left)
Ticuspid valve
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Pulmonary valve
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
Auscultation
S1
S2 _
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
pulse point
Systolic pressure
Diastolic pressure
Sounds of Korotkoff
Sinoatrial node
Atrio ventricular node
Purkinje fiber system
Electrocardiogram
P wave
QRS complex
T wave
Dysrhythmia
Erythrocyte
RBC
Leukocyte
WBC
Granulocyte
Have visible cytoplasmic granules
Neutrophil
attracted to site of cellular injury
- granulocyte
Acute bacterial infection and pus formation, is usually characterized by
Eosinophil
Immune response to parasitic works and allergic reactions
-granulocyte
Basophil
Primarily involved in allergic reaction response
Bilobed
-granulocyte
least numerous of leukocytes
Stain dark purple
Agranulocyte
lack visible cytoplasmic granules
T Lymphocyte
B Lymphocyte
Monocyte
largest of the leukocytes
exit the blood to form macrophages
Platelets
Antigen
Antiserum
Antibody
Universal donor
O-
Universal recipient _
AB
hemolysis
Transfusion reaction that can lead to kidney failure. A recipients antibodies attack “foreign invader”
phagocytes
active in ingesting harmful foreign bacteria
thromobocytopenia
Number of platelets is decreased
polycythemia
Type of blood cancer that causes bone marrow to produce to many RBCS and this causes the blood to thicken and slow
leucocytosis
an increase in WBC especially during infection
anemia
lack enough healthy RBC to carry oxygen adequately
erythroblastosis fetalis
RBC of a fetus are destroyed due to immune response lack of blood compatibility
hemophilia
An inherited condition where the blood does not clot due to insufficient clotting factors
Pernicious anemia
A condition in which not enough red blood cells are produced due to deficiency of vitamin B12 in the body.
ischemic heart disease
Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen. The reduced blood flow is usually the result of a partial or complete blockage of your heart’s arteries (coronary arteries).
Angina
inadequate oxygenation of cardiac muscle
Vascular shunt
Channel that directly connects arteriole with venule (bypasses true capillaries)
Precapillary sphincter
Cuff of smooth muscle surrounding each true capillary that braces off metateriole; acts as valve regulating blood flow into capillary bed
Not innervated
What are the three types of capillaries? Give a brief description of each
Continuous- abundant in skin, muscles, lungs and CNS
Fenestrated capillary- found in areas of active filtration (kidneys) absorption (intestines)
Contain fenestration
Arterioles
Smallest of all arteries
Control blood flow into capillary beds via vasodilation
Muscular arteries
Thickets tunic media with more smooth muscle less elastic
Also called distributing arteries
Elastic arteries
Thick walled with low resistance lumen
Elastic found in all 3 tunics but mostly tunica media
Act as pressure reservoirs
Name the three groups of arteries ?
Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries
Arterioles
Vasa vasorum
System of tiny blood vessels found in larger vessels
Function is to nourish outer most layer
Structure of blood vessel walls
Tunica intima
•endothelium
• simple squamous epithelium
Tunica media
•smooth muscle and sheets of elastin
•sympathetic vasomotor nerves innervate this layer
Tunica externa
Loose collagen fibers
Structure of blood vessel walls
Tunica intima
•endothelium
• simple squamous epithelium
Tunica media
•smooth muscle and sheets of elastin
•sympathetic vasomotor nerves innervate this layer
Tunica externa
Loose collagen fibers
Pulse pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Diastolic pressure
Lowest level of aortic pressure when heart is at rest
Systolic pressure
Pressure exerted in aorta during ventricular contraction
Mean arterial pressure
MAP
Pressure that propels blood to tissues
What are the three main factors regulating blood pressure?
Cardiac output
Peripheral resistance
Blood volume
Hypovolemic shock
Results from large scale blood loss
Vascular shock
Results from extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance
Cardiogenic shock
Results when an inefficient heart cannot sustain adequate circulation
Hypertension
Sustained elevated arterial pressure 140/90
Hematocrit
Percent of blood volume that is RBC’s
