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Anatomy and phys. cardiovascular > Important terms > Flashcards

Important terms Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A
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2
Q

Serous parietal pericardium

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3
Q

Serous visceral pericardium

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4
Q

Pericardial cavity

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5
Q

Myocardium

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6
Q

endocardium

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7
Q

Atria (right and left)

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8
Q

Ventricles (right and left)

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9
Q

Ticuspid valve

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10
Q

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

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11
Q

Pulmonary valve

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12
Q

Chordae tendineae

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13
Q

Papillary muscles

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14
Q

Superior vena cava

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15
Q

Inferior vena cava

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16
Q

Pulmonary trunk

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17
Q

Pulmonary veins

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18
Q

Aorta

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19
Q

Auscultation

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20
Q

S1

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21
Q

S2 _

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22
Q

Tachycardia

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23
Q

Bradycardia

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24
Q

pulse point

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25
Q

Systolic pressure

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26
Q

Diastolic pressure

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27
Q

Sounds of Korotkoff

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28
Q

Sinoatrial node

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29
Q

Atrio ventricular node

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30
Q

Purkinje fiber system

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31
Q

Electrocardiogram

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32
Q

P wave

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33
Q

QRS complex

A
34
Q

T wave

A
35
Q

Dysrhythmia

A
36
Q

Erythrocyte

A

RBC

37
Q

Leukocyte

A

WBC

38
Q

Granulocyte

A

Have visible cytoplasmic granules

39
Q

Neutrophil

A

attracted to site of cellular injury
- granulocyte
Acute bacterial infection and pus formation, is usually characterized by

40
Q

Eosinophil

A

Immune response to parasitic works and allergic reactions
-granulocyte

41
Q

Basophil

A

Primarily involved in allergic reaction response
Bilobed
-granulocyte
least numerous of leukocytes
Stain dark purple

42
Q

Agranulocyte

A

lack visible cytoplasmic granules

43
Q

T Lymphocyte

A
44
Q

B Lymphocyte

A
45
Q

Monocyte

A

largest of the leukocytes
exit the blood to form macrophages

46
Q

Platelets

A
47
Q

Antigen

A
48
Q

Antiserum

A
49
Q

Antibody

A
50
Q

Universal donor

A

O-

51
Q

Universal recipient _

A

AB

52
Q

hemolysis

A

Transfusion reaction that can lead to kidney failure. A recipients antibodies attack “foreign invader”

53
Q

phagocytes

A

active in ingesting harmful foreign bacteria

54
Q

thromobocytopenia

A

Number of platelets is decreased

55
Q

polycythemia

A

Type of blood cancer that causes bone marrow to produce to many RBCS and this causes the blood to thicken and slow

56
Q

leucocytosis

A

an increase in WBC especially during infection

57
Q

anemia

A

lack enough healthy RBC to carry oxygen adequately

58
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

RBC of a fetus are destroyed due to immune response lack of blood compatibility

59
Q

hemophilia

A

An inherited condition where the blood does not clot due to insufficient clotting factors

60
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

A condition in which not enough red blood cells are produced due to deficiency of vitamin B12 in the body.

61
Q

ischemic heart disease

A

Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen. The reduced blood flow is usually the result of a partial or complete blockage of your heart’s arteries (coronary arteries).

62
Q

Angina

A

inadequate oxygenation of cardiac muscle

63
Q

Vascular shunt

A

Channel that directly connects arteriole with venule (bypasses true capillaries)

64
Q

Precapillary sphincter

A

Cuff of smooth muscle surrounding each true capillary that braces off metateriole; acts as valve regulating blood flow into capillary bed
Not innervated

65
Q

What are the three types of capillaries? Give a brief description of each

A

Continuous- abundant in skin, muscles, lungs and CNS
Fenestrated capillary- found in areas of active filtration (kidneys) absorption (intestines)
Contain fenestration

66
Q

Arterioles

A

Smallest of all arteries
Control blood flow into capillary beds via vasodilation

67
Q

Muscular arteries

A

Thickets tunic media with more smooth muscle less elastic
Also called distributing arteries

68
Q

Elastic arteries

A

Thick walled with low resistance lumen
Elastic found in all 3 tunics but mostly tunica media
Act as pressure reservoirs

69
Q

Name the three groups of arteries ?

A

Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries
Arterioles

70
Q

Vasa vasorum

A

System of tiny blood vessels found in larger vessels
Function is to nourish outer most layer

71
Q

Structure of blood vessel walls

A

Tunica intima
•endothelium
• simple squamous epithelium
Tunica media
•smooth muscle and sheets of elastin
•sympathetic vasomotor nerves innervate this layer
Tunica externa
Loose collagen fibers

72
Q

Structure of blood vessel walls

A

Tunica intima
•endothelium
• simple squamous epithelium
Tunica media
•smooth muscle and sheets of elastin
•sympathetic vasomotor nerves innervate this layer
Tunica externa
Loose collagen fibers

73
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

74
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Lowest level of aortic pressure when heart is at rest

75
Q

Systolic pressure

A

Pressure exerted in aorta during ventricular contraction

76
Q

Mean arterial pressure
MAP

A

Pressure that propels blood to tissues

77
Q

What are the three main factors regulating blood pressure?

A

Cardiac output
Peripheral resistance
Blood volume

78
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Results from large scale blood loss

79
Q

Vascular shock

A

Results from extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance

80
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Results when an inefficient heart cannot sustain adequate circulation

81
Q

Hypertension

A

Sustained elevated arterial pressure 140/90

82
Q

Hematocrit

A

Percent of blood volume that is RBC’s

Anatomy and phys. cardiovascular (27 decks)

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