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Anatomy and phys. cardiovascular > Immune > Flashcards

Immune Flashcards

1
Q

Which is produced by skin as a first line of defense

A

Keratin and sweat

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2
Q

Chemotaxis-

A

Process by which white blood cells are attracted the site of injury

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3
Q

Innate defense
(Inborn; natural)
Name 1st and 2nd line of defenses

A

1st line- external body membrane (skin and mucasae)
2nd line- antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes and other cells. Most importantly inflammation

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4
Q

Adaptive defense system
Third line of defense

A

Third line of defense attacks particular foreign substances

Humoral immunity - b cells
Cellular immunity - T cells

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5
Q

Surface barriers first line of defense

A

Acid - inhibits microbe growth called acid mantle
Enzymes - lysomes of saliva, respiratory mucus, And lacrimal fluid kills many microrganisms, enzymes in stomach
Mucin- sticky mucus in stomach and respiratory track traps microrganisms
Defensins- antimicrobial peptides that inhibits microbial growth

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6
Q

Innate defense
Second line of defense

A

Phagocytes
Natural killers
Inflammatory response (macrophages, mast cells, wbcs, and inflammatory chemicals)
Antimicrobial proteins (interferons and complement proteins
Fever

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7
Q

Pattern recognition receptors

A

Many second line cells have them which recognize and bind tightly in microbes disarming them before they do harm

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8
Q

Toll like receptors

A

Play a central role in triggering immune response

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9
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most abundant phagocytes, but die fighting; become phagocytic in exposure to infectious material
Will migrate to the site of infection within a few hours

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10
Q

Macrophages

A

Develop from monocytes and are chief phagocytic cells
Free- wander through tissue spaces; alveolar
Fixed- permanent resident of some organ; stellate macrophages ( liver) and microglia (Brian)

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11
Q

Phagocytosis

A

1- The phagocyte recognizes and adheres to pathogens carbohydrate signature

Opsonization - immune system uses antibodies or complement proteins as opsonins that cost pathogens act as handles for phagocytes to grab into enhancing phagocytosis

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12
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Nonphagocytic
Perforins- permeate cell membrane to release content of the cell
Secretes chemicals to enhance inflammation response
Kill by inducing apoptosis

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13
Q

Leukocytosis

A

An increase in the number of white blood cells

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14
Q

Edema

A

Caused by excess tissue fluid in the injured area; helps dilute harmful substances and brings in excess oxygen

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15
Q

What mineral does the liver and spleen sequester during a fever

A

Iron and zinc

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16
Q

Hyperemia

A

Increased blood flow due to vasodilation of blood vessels entering the injured area

17
Q

A person may harbor pathogen walled off in ____ for years without displaying symptoms

A

Granulomas

18
Q

When collagen fibers laid down to wall of a sac of pus, what structure is formed?

A

An abscess

19
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Specialize in attacking cancer cells and virus infected

20
Q

Pyrogen

A

Secreted by leukocytes and macrophages fever inducing molecule

21
Q

Mucous membranes

A

Nonspecific barrier defense

22
Q

Complement proteins

A

Work by forming pores in the membranes of target cells

23
Q

Complement Cascade

A

Not a surface barrier to pathogens influx

24
Q

Exudate

A

Fluid that seeps from the capillary containing clotting factors and antibodies during inflammation

25
Q

Opsonization

A

A process of coating a pathogen to enhance phagocytosis

26
Q

Macrophages

A

Common antigen presenting cell APC

27
Q

Diapedesis

A

Neutrophils squeeze through walls of capillaries into tissues

28
Q

What are the two main sequestered antigens?

A

Lens of eye and sperm cells

29
Q

MHC proteins
Major histocompatibility complex

A

Glycoprotein that act as markers for self and non self antigens

30
Q

B lymphocytes

A

Humoral immunity

31
Q

T lymphocytes

A

Cell mediated immunity

32
Q

Help t cells

A

Activate both T and B cells

33
Q

Suppressor t cells

A

Shut off immune system when job is done

34
Q

Humoral response

A

Brought about by B lymphocytes
(B lymphocytes are made immunocompetent in bone marrow)
Prime response is antibody production
Ab bind to extracellular targets
Plasma cells
Memory b cells

35
Q

Antibodies are also known as

A

Immunoglobulins or gamma globulins

36
Q

Classes of antibodies

A

Iga- tears/saliva
IgM- primary response
IgG- secondary response
IgE- allergies
IdD- act as antigens receptors on B cells

37
Q

Antigens-antibody complex

A

Activate complement causes lysis or enhances phagocytosis or inflammation

Anatomy and phys. cardiovascular (27 decks)

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