Lab Test Flashcards
During the process of renal reabsorption fluid moves from the:
Renal tubule into the peritubular capillaries
List the anatomical structures in correct order as they are encountered by blood and filtered fluid during the process of filtration
Afferent arteriole> glomerular capillaries> bowman’s capsule
You find glucose in a urine sample while doing urine analysis. What condition is the person most likely to be suffering from?
Diabetes mellitus
In the presence of ADH the volume of urine will
Decrease
The presence of protein in a urine sample would most likely signify?
Kidney disease with possible damage to filtration membrane
H+ ions are secreted into the renal tubule to compensate for acidosis. The movement of H+ would be from:
Blood vessels into the line of the renal tubule
In the presence of aldosterone what component of the filtrate is reabsorbed?
Na+
What will happen to the urine volume and concentration in the presence of both ADH and aldosterone?
Urine volume will decrease and urine concentration will increase (it will be more concentrated)
A) identify the epithelium seen here which lines the urinary bladder
B) where else would you find this epithelium?
A) transitional epithelium
B) ureter
A) identify the structures the arrow points to
B) Histologically in the slide, where would this structure be absent?
Glomerulus; medulla
A) Identify A and B which lie in the lumen of parts of a nephron.
B) how are the cells specialized in structure A to help in reabsorption?
A) PCT; DCT
B) cells have microvilli; which increase the surface area
This is a slide of the ureter. Which layers do arrow A and B point to?
Submucosa, muscularis layer
What do arrows A and B point to?
Nephron loop, collecting duct
Identify A, B and C which form the filtration membrane
Glomerular capillary endothelium, basal lamina, visceral layer of bowman’s capsule
A) identify structured A and B
B) which part of the kidney do these structures lie in?
Glomerulus, renal tubule;cortex
What do arrows A and B point to?
Glomerulus, glomerular capsule
Identify the three structures A, B and C seen at the hilum of the kidney
Renal artery, renal vein and renal pelvis
A) Identify A, B, and C
B) what do the ducts passing through B first open into?
A) cortex, renal pyramid, renal columns
B) minor calyx
A) Identify A, B and C
B) what does C lead into?
A) papilla, minor calyx, major calyx
B) renal pelvis
A) arrow A points to a blood vessel which arises from?
B) Arrow B points to a structure which is present in?
Interlobular artery/cortical both cortex and medulla
A) identify A and B
B) what are the special cells at the junction between C and D called?
A- bowman’s capsule; PCT
B- macula densa
A) Identify structure B (B and C are blood vessels)
B) identify structure C
A- efferent arteriole
B- peritubular capillaries
A) identify A and B
B) What is the function of structures A and B?
Macula densa; JG cells; control flow of filtrate and blood pressure
Identify A and B
Podocytes, parietal layer of bowman’s capsule
Which of these labelled structures is the involuntary sphincter
A
A) Identify A and B
B) what are the three openings seen in area B
A- Detrusor muscle; trigone
B- 2 uretric and one internal urethral opening
filtration of blood occurs at which of the following structures?
D
Which of the following represents the parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule?
E
1) During the process of renal secretion fluid moves from which region to which region
2) During reabsorption what is the direction of fluid movement?
1-From the peritubular capillaries to the tubule lumen
2-From tubule lumen to peritubular capillaries.
What is the effect of reducing the afferent arteriole radius on glomerular filtration?
GFR decreases.
A) Identify the blood vessels arrows A, B and C point to.
b) What does A arise from?
A) A- afferent arteriole, B- efferent arteriole, C- peritubular capillaries
B) Interlobular artery/cortical radiate artery
A) What do arrows A and B point to?
B) What is the function of the special cells in A and B?
A) A- macula densa cells B- granular cells
B) A- monitors solute content; B- monitors BP
What do arrows A, B and C point to?
A- cortex, B -pyramid, C- renal column
What do arrows A and B point to?
External os, vagina
A) identify parts A, B, C and D the correct order
B) what is the function of
A) isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum and fimbriae
B) site of fertilization
A) what do arrows A and B point to?
B) the external opening seen in A is called?
A) cervix, vagina
B) external os
Which of the statements below describes accurately the action of LH on reproductive organs in males and females?
LH causes release of testosterone from interstitial cells in males and is responsible for ovulation in females
Which of these structures does not take part in the production or transport of the female gametes,m what is its name?
C, broad ligament
Identify layers A,B,C
Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
Identify A, B, and C
Corpus luteum, secondary oocyte, primary oocyte
Identify A and B in the correct order
Vagina, urethra
Which of these is a storage area for milk?
B
A) which of the labelled structures is responsible for maturation of sperms
B) which of these labelled structures transports sperms?
B;A
What do arrows E and F point to?
Prostatic urethra and membranous urethra
A) identify A
B) What is it a continuation of?
A- vas deferens
B- epididymis
A) what do arrows A and B point to?
B) what is the function of B?
A- tunica vaginalis, epididymis
B- maturation and storage of sperms
A) What do arrows A, B and C point to?
B) what do A and B contain?
A- corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, spongy urethra
B- vascular spaces that fill with blood
A) what is the function of A?
B) how is B formed?
To produce a nourishing and activating secretion for sperms; by the union of the duct of seminal vesicle and vas deferens
A) what do arrows A and B point to?
B) what is the function of B?
A- prostate, bulbourethral
B- to produce an alkaline secretion
Go over spermatogenesis
Begins at puberty it is the process of forming male gametes
Occurs in seminiferous tubules of testes
Spermatids to sperm
3 main steps
1- mitosis of spermatogonia (stem cell forms 2 spermatocytes)
2- meiosis ( spermatocytes form secondary spermatocytes, which form from spermatids)
3- spermatogenesis (spermatids become sperm)
Learn about meiosis
Start with spermatocytes and end with spermatids
The penile urethra is present in?
B
Corpus cavernosum is represented by?
A
Structures contributing to 90% of seminal fluid?
A and E
The bulbourethral gland is represented by?
C
Which arrow points to the ejaculatory duct?
B
Which of these arrows point to the corpus luteum?
A
Which arrow points to a primary follicle?
C
Arrow pointing to structure released at ovulation
B
