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Immunology > MHCs (10) > Flashcards

MHCs (10) Flashcards

1
Q

In adaptive immune response, antigen molecules must be broken up, and fragments must be presented on _________

A

antigen-presenting receptors

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2
Q

Antigen-presenting receptors are _______, which are encoded by a gene cluster called MHC, and are thus called ________

A

glycoproteins
MHC molecules

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3
Q

What does MHC control?

A

antigen presentation

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4
Q

What does MHC determine?

A

an animal’s susceptibility to infectious or autoimmune diseases

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5
Q

MC I molecules are on _______. Why? They have [exogenous/endogenous] origin

A

all nucleated cells
virus can infect all cells and take over
need to present to cytotoxic T-cells
endogenous

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6
Q

MC II molecules are on _______. They have [exogenous/endogenous] origin

A

antigen-presenting cells
exogenous

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7
Q

How many classes of MHC gene loci are there?

A

3

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8
Q

What is class I?

A

codes for MHC I molecules that are present on all nucleated cells

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9
Q

What is class II?

A

encodes MHC II molecules that are restricted to professional APCs

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10
Q

What is class III?

A

coded for a diverse mixture of proteins
many of which are important in innate immunity, such as complement proteins

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11
Q

What is the function of MHC I cells?

A

present antigen to cytotoxic T cells

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12
Q

What is the function of MHC II cells?

A

present antigen to T-helper cells

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13
Q

What is the result of MHC I cells?

A

T-cell-mediated toxicity
produce cytokines to act and kill cells

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14
Q

What is the result of MHC II cells?

A

T-cell-mediated help

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15
Q

What is the MHC nomenclature for humans, dogs, rabbits, cattle, horses, and pigs?

A

HLA
DLA
RLA
BLA
ELA
SLA

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16
Q

What is the MHC nomenclature for mice and chickens?

A

mice: H-2
chickens: B

17
Q

What are MHC class Ia?

A

expressed on most nucleated cells; only polymorphic class I molecules

18
Q

What are MHC class Ib?

A

reduced expression and tissue distribution compared with class Ia molecules
bind to limited range of ligands
receptors for PAMPs (and Id)

19
Q

What are MHC class Ic?

A

MICA and MICB
involved in signaling to NK cells but do not bind to antigenic peptides

20
Q

What are MHC class Id?

A

bind to PAMPs

21
Q

What is the structure of a MHC class Ia molecule?

A

long heavy alpha chain - cytoplasmic, polymorphic
short B2 micro globulin chain - extracellular, monomorphic

22
Q

What has a groove to which small peptides bind?

A

long heavy alpha chain

23
Q

How is the antigen binding site formed in MHC class Ia molecules?

A

antigen binding site is formed by the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domain

24
Q

What is the function of the B2 micro globulin chain in the MHC class I Ia molecules?

A

stabilizing the structure

25
Q

Peptpides that bind to MHC I are _____ aa long

A

8-10

26
Q

MHC Class I peptides are anchored at both ends and fit _____ within the binding groove

A

completely

27
Q

Which amino acids of MHC class I must conform to a particular motif?

A

those at the end

28
Q

The amino acids in the middle of MHC class I do what?

A

can be variable since they do not interact with aa within the groove
peptide can budge a little in the middle in order to fit or to be acommodated

29
Q

MHC I molecules present ______ peptides which are derived from _____ manufactured by or within the cell. These cells can be ____ proteins or _____ proteins, if the virus is replicating inside the cell

A

endogenous
proteins
normal
viral

30
Q

Understand the steps of the endogenous pathway of MHC I

A
31
Q

T-Helper cells have [CD4/CD8] to bind to MHC [1/2]

A

CD4
MHC 2

32
Q

Cytotoxic T cells have [CD4/CD8] to bind to MHC [1/2]

A

CD 8
MHC 1

33
Q

What is the structure of MHC Class II?

A

made up of 2 chains of about similar size
alpha chain with 3 domains
beta chain

34
Q

a1 and b1 chains on MHC Class 2 form a _______

A

peptide binding groove

35
Q

A peptide of _____ aa can be presented, with ___ aa inside the groove and the rest protruding on the sides in MHC II

A

13-20
9

36
Q

What is MHC restriction?

A

antigen is restricted in a way that it won’t be recognized by T-cell unless its bound on MHC molecule to initiate immune response

37
Q

What does expression of specific MHC alleles determine?

A

susceptibility to infectious and autoimmune diseases

38
Q

What is the advantage of MHC heterozygotes?

A

they can respond to a greater range of antigens

39
Q

The optimal number of MHC (I) loci is _____. More causes ____ and less you aren’t able to ______

A

6 (to cover all antigens)
more: autoimmune
less: battle infection

Immunology (36 decks)

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