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Immunology > Lymphocytes (11) > Flashcards

Lymphocytes (11) Flashcards

1
Q

Why are lymphocytes important?

A

central to adaptive immune system and body defenses

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2
Q

What are the 3 major types of lymphocytes?

A

B cells
T cells
Natural killer cells

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3
Q

What are the roles of B cells?

A

responsible for antibody production

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4
Q

What are the roles of T cells?

A

regulate adaptive immunity and are responsible for cell-mediated immune responses

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5
Q

What are the roles of NK cells?

A

play a role in innate immunity

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6
Q

What are subpopulations regarding lymphocytes?

A

within the major types of lymphocytes
have different characteristics and functions

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7
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

small, round, cells, 7-15 micro in diameter
round nucleus stains intensely with hematoxylin

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8
Q

NK cells are usually [smaller/larger] than T or B cells

A

larger

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9
Q

MHC 2 is for [T-helper/cytotoxic T] cells

A

T-helper

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10
Q

MHC I is for [T-helper/cytotoxic T] cells

A

cytotoxic

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11
Q

BCR is immunoglobin [on the surface / is released]

A

on the surface

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12
Q

Antibodies is immunoglobin [on the surface / when released]

A

when released

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13
Q

What are the T cell types?

A
  1. CD4+ab T cells
    TH1
    TH2
    TH17
    Treg
  2. CD8+ab T cells
  3. Gamma-delta T cells (gamma delta T cells)
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14
Q

_____ and _____ are 2 types of T cell antigen receptors

A

alpha beta
gamma delta

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15
Q

TH cells are also called

A

CD4+ab T cells

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16
Q

What do TH cells recognize? It is defined by ______

A

antigen on MHC II
defined by the cytokines secreted and NOT by any surface mlecule

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17
Q

Naive TH cells are called

A

TH0 cells

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18
Q

TH0 cells differentiate into

A

TH1, TH2, TH17, Treg

19
Q

How does TH0 know what to differentiate to?

A

depends on the signals TH0 cells receive from APCs and the local environment

20
Q

What does TH1 cells secrete?

A

IFNgamma
IL-2
cytokines that signal B cells to make opsonizing and complement-fixing antibodies for extracellular bacteria or certain viruses

21
Q

What is TH1 important in?

A

protection against some intracellular infections
some extracellular pathogens

22
Q

What does TH2 secrete?

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-9
IL-13

23
Q

What does TH2 activate?

A

mast cells & eosinophils
B cells to make IgE

24
Q

What do TH2 cells provide dense against?

A

parasites and some mucosal pathogens

25
Q

TH2 cells are helpful in ______

A

IgE mediated allergies
parasitic infections

26
Q

What do TH17 cell secrete?

A

IL-17
IL-21
IL-22

27
Q

What do TH17 cells attractant activate? What are they important in?

A

attract and activate: neutrophils and monocyte, leading to acute inflammation
important in response to extracellular bacteria and fungi

28
Q

What do Treg cells secrete?

A

IL-10
IL-35
TGFb

29
Q

What do Treg cells suppress?

A

T cell response by secreting suppressive cytokines

30
Q

What does Treg cells help prevent?

A

reactions to self-peptides

31
Q

How are self-reactive T cells induced to become Treg cells?

A

self-antigen encountered in the absence of inflammation
then induced to become Treg cells
do not induce an immune response to the self-antigen but prevent it

32
Q

What do CD8+ab T cells recognize?

A

antigen on MHC I

33
Q

What happens when CD8+ab T cells encounter an antigen?

A

they clonal expand
differentiate and develop a killing machinery in their cytoplasm

34
Q

What is CD8+ab T cells important in?

A

protection from intracellular microbes that cause the synthesis of foreign proteins in the cytoplasm, such as viruses

35
Q

What thing(s) do CD8+ab T cells kill?

A

kill a cell that has the antigen it recognizes bound to an MHC I molecule

36
Q

What are gamma delta T cells defined by?

A

defined by their T-cell receptor

37
Q

What do gamma delta T cells recognize?

A

intact, unprocessed antigens
also recognize cell surface stress proteins
protein and non-protein antigens

38
Q

What are gamma delta T cells important at?

A

mucosal surfaces
many are intraepithelial lympochyes

39
Q

CD8+ab T cells are [exogenous/endogenous]

A

endogenous

40
Q

CD4+TH1, CD4+TH2, and CD4+TH17 are [exogenous/endogenous]

A

exogenous

41
Q

What are the characteristics of natural killer cells?

A

large granular lymphocytes
NOT antigen specific: component of innate immunity
NO surface immunoglobin, CD3, CD4, or CD8

42
Q

NK cells are activated by

A

IFNgamma (deals somehow with phagocytosis)
TNF
IL-2 (make more copies of clone to interact with antigen)

43
Q

Natural killer cells are cytotoxic for cells that do not express normal MHC [I/II] molecules with normal peptides, or cells that express stress proteins

A

MHC I

44
Q

What are the 3 major receptors of NK cells?

A

Ly49
NKG2D
CD16

Immunology (36 decks)

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