MEP6 Hugenot Migration, Ulster plantations and highland clearances Flashcards
Who were the Huguenots?
French Protestants
Why did the Huguenots migrate to Britain?
France experienced a series of religious civil wars between 1560s and 1590s
When was the St bartholomew’s day massacre and what happened?
1572
Tens of thousands of French Protestants killed
Why did Elizabeth I welcome Huguenots?
She was a Protestant
Her ministers invited skilled Huguenot craftsmen to work in England and teach British apprentices
What did French King Henry IV decree in 1598?
The edict of Nantes granting Huguenots freedom to practice their religion without fear
What did French King Louis XIV do to the edict of Nantes and when?
1685
He tears it up telling Huguenots to convert to Catholicism or leave France
50,000 Huguenots leave for England
What impact did the Huguenots have on Britain?
They were skilled craftsmen and the had a positive social and economic effect on Britain
How did the Huguenots benefit Britain?
- established businesses in communities all over England
- transformed existing British industries like bookbinding
- started new industries such as paper making - by the 1710s Britain had 200 paper mills thanks to the Huguenots expertise
What was the Ulster plantations and when did it happen?
1600
King James I sent Protestants from Scotland and England to keep control or northern Ireland - called Ulster.
They were ‘planted’ hence the name
What was the reaction in Ireland to the Ulster plantations?
- most Irish people resented the settlers
- the population grew rapidly as thousands of settlers arrived bringing their own customs and religion
- the resentment between catholic and Protestant continued for centuries
What were the highland clearances?
The British getting rid of any Scottish highland clans that did not support George I
How did English landlords plan to earn more money from Scottish land?
- Evicted farmers off the land to make space for large scale sheep farming
- from 1780 - 1820 tens of thousands were evicted forced to live in barren coastal areas with unworkable land, starving to death
Where did evicted Scottish farmers migrate to and what was it called?
- Many moved to England, Canada and America
- called the Scottish diaspora and contributed to the growth of the British empire