MEP6 Hugenot Migration, Ulster plantations and highland clearances Flashcards

1
Q

Who were the Huguenots?

A

French Protestants

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2
Q

Why did the Huguenots migrate to Britain?

A

France experienced a series of religious civil wars between 1560s and 1590s

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3
Q

When was the St bartholomew’s day massacre and what happened?

A

1572
Tens of thousands of French Protestants killed

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4
Q

Why did Elizabeth I welcome Huguenots?

A

She was a Protestant
Her ministers invited skilled Huguenot craftsmen to work in England and teach British apprentices

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5
Q

What did French King Henry IV decree in 1598?

A

The edict of Nantes granting Huguenots freedom to practice their religion without fear

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6
Q

What did French King Louis XIV do to the edict of Nantes and when?

A

1685
He tears it up telling Huguenots to convert to Catholicism or leave France
50,000 Huguenots leave for England

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7
Q

What impact did the Huguenots have on Britain?

A

They were skilled craftsmen and the had a positive social and economic effect on Britain

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8
Q

How did the Huguenots benefit Britain?

A
  • established businesses in communities all over England
  • transformed existing British industries like bookbinding
  • started new industries such as paper making - by the 1710s Britain had 200 paper mills thanks to the Huguenots expertise
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9
Q

What was the Ulster plantations and when did it happen?

A

1600
King James I sent Protestants from Scotland and England to keep control or northern Ireland - called Ulster.
They were ‘planted’ hence the name

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10
Q

What was the reaction in Ireland to the Ulster plantations?

A
  • most Irish people resented the settlers
  • the population grew rapidly as thousands of settlers arrived bringing their own customs and religion
  • the resentment between catholic and Protestant continued for centuries
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11
Q

What were the highland clearances?

A

The British getting rid of any Scottish highland clans that did not support George I

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12
Q

How did English landlords plan to earn more money from Scottish land?

A
  • Evicted farmers off the land to make space for large scale sheep farming
  • from 1780 - 1820 tens of thousands were evicted forced to live in barren coastal areas with unworkable land, starving to death
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13
Q

Where did evicted Scottish farmers migrate to and what was it called?

A
  • Many moved to England, Canada and America
  • called the Scottish diaspora and contributed to the growth of the British empire
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