MEP6 Hugenot Migration, Ulster plantations and highland clearances

Question 1

Who were the Huguenots?

Answer 1

French Protestants

Question 2

Why did the Huguenots migrate to Britain?

Answer 2

France experienced a series of religious civil wars between 1560s and 1590s

Question 3

When was the St bartholomew’s day massacre and what happened?

Answer 3

1572
Tens of thousands of French Protestants killed

Question 4

Why did Elizabeth I welcome Huguenots?

Answer 4

She was a Protestant
Her ministers invited skilled Huguenot craftsmen to work in England and teach British apprentices

Question 5

What did French King Henry IV decree in 1598?

Answer 5

The edict of Nantes granting Huguenots freedom to practice their religion without fear

Question 6

What did French King Louis XIV do to the edict of Nantes and when?

Answer 6

1685
He tears it up telling Huguenots to convert to Catholicism or leave France
50,000 Huguenots leave for England

Question 7

What impact did the Huguenots have on Britain?

Answer 7

They were skilled craftsmen and the had a positive social and economic effect on Britain

Question 8

How did the Huguenots benefit Britain?

Answer 8

• established businesses in communities all over England
• transformed existing British industries like bookbinding
• started new industries such as paper making - by the 1710s Britain had 200 paper mills thanks to the Huguenots expertise

Question 9

What was the Ulster plantations and when did it happen?

Answer 9

1600
King James I sent Protestants from Scotland and England to keep control or northern Ireland - called Ulster.
They were ‘planted’ hence the name

Question 10

What was the reaction in Ireland to the Ulster plantations?

Answer 10

• most Irish people resented the settlers
• the population grew rapidly as thousands of settlers arrived bringing their own customs and religion
• the resentment between catholic and Protestant continued for centuries

Question 11

What were the highland clearances?

Answer 11

The British getting rid of any Scottish highland clans that did not support George I

Question 12

How did English landlords plan to earn more money from Scottish land?

Answer 12

• Evicted farmers off the land to make space for large scale sheep farming
• from 1780 - 1820 tens of thousands were evicted forced to live in barren coastal areas with unworkable land, starving to death

Question 13

Where did evicted Scottish farmers migrate to and what was it called?

Answer 13

• Many moved to England, Canada and America
• called the Scottish diaspora and contributed to the growth of the British empire