Elizabeth Religion Flashcards
How did catholics and Protestants differ in their belief of who headed up the church?
- catholics - the pope
- Protestants - the monarch
How did catholics and Protestants differ on church?
- catholics - services in Latin, churches highly decorated
- Protestants - services in English, plain churches
What was Elizabeth’s religious settlement?
- compromise in the aim of peace
- she declared herself ‘governor’ not head of the church
- allows catholics to worship however they liked in private
What was the northern rebellion and when?
- 1569
- earl of Westmorland and earl of Northumberland marched south with 4600 men
- earl of Sussex raised an army against them and the rebels disbanded
- Northumberland was executed and Westmorland escaped to France
What was the papal bull and when?
- 1570
- the pope issued a special message- the papal bull
- called on the people of England not to obey Elizabeth’s laws
- excommunicated her from the church
- hoped to stir up rebellion by forcing catholics to choose between their queen and their religion
What was the ridolfi plot and when?
- 1571
- plot led by Italian Ridolfi
- involved Duke of Norfolk in a second northern invasion
- plan to put Mary Queen of Scot’s on the throne
- the plot was discovered before it could be carried out
What were two further plots after the northern rebellions?
- the throckmorton plot 1583
- the babington plot 1586
What was the throckmorton plot?
- sir Francis throckmorton
- assassinate the queen and replace with Mary Queen of Scot’s
- the plot failed and throckmorton was executed
What was the babington plot?
- Anthony babington
- murder Elizabeth and replace with Mary Queen of Scot’s
- plot discovered - led to trial and execution of Mary
Who were the jesuits?
- society of Jesus
- 1540
- sent missionaries to England from 1580
- aimed to convert Protestants to catholics
- Elizabeth saw jesuits as a threat
What was the catholic threat to England?
- jesuits could undermine the stability of Elizabeth’s religious settlement
- English catholics - encouraged by the pope’s papal bull
- European catholics - encouraged by the pope to challenge her authority
How did Elizabeth respond to the catholic threat?
- after 1580 she began to introduce increasingly anti-Catholic laws
What anti catholic laws did Elizabeth introduce?
- 1571 Recusancy - small fines for not attending Protestant services. However Rich people could simply pay the fines and it was not enforced
- 1581 Recusancy fines increased and strictly enforced. High treason to convert to Catholicism
- 1585 - any catholic priet ordained after 1559 was considered a traitor
- 1593 - the statute of confinement - catholics couldn’t travel further than 5 miles from home
How did Elizabeth deal with the Jesuits?
- Edmund campion, a missionary trying to convert people to Catholicism was arrested
- dragged through London, hanged drawn and quartered
- message that Elizabeth wouldn’t take any threat lightly
Why did Elizabeth’s religious policy change?
- threats from abroad - France and Spain
- powerful catholic families in the north of England
- Ridolfi, Throckmorton, Babington plots
- Jesuit missionaries
Who were the puritans?
- Strict Protestants
- wanted to remove all catholic elements from the church
- wore plain clothing and wanted simple services
What were the Presbyterians?
- hard line puritans
- questioned the queens religious settlement
Who were some famous puritans?
- sir Francis walsingham - the queen’s senior minister and spymaster.
- sir Robert Dudley - privy councillor and potential husband to Elizabeth
How did Elizabeth respond to puritans?
- appointed John Whitgift as Archbishop of Canterbury replacing puritan Edmund Grindal
- he cracked down on puritans
- fines for puritans and for printing puritan messages
