Mendels and Heredity

Question 1

Mendel’s Characteristics

Answer 1

Genes

Question 2

Mendel’s Traits

Answer 2

Alleles

Question 3

Advantages of Peas

Answer 3

• Shorter generations
• More offspring
• Mating can be controlled

Question 4

True Breeding

Answer 4

plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self pollinate

Question 5

Hybridization

Answer 5

the process in which two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules bond together to form a double-stranded molecule

Question 6

What are true breeding parents

Answer 6

P generation

Question 7

What are the offspring of the true breeding parents called?

Answer 7

F1 generation

Question 8

Mendel’s First Conclusion

Answer 8

Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters

Question 9

Mendel’s Second Conclusion

Answer 9

for each character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent

Question 10

Mendel’s Third Conclusion

Answer 10

if the two alleles at a locus differ, then one (the dominant allele) determines the organism’s appearance, and the other (the recessive allele) has no noticeable effect on appearance

Question 11

Law of Segregation (Fourth)

Answer 11

the two alleles for a heritable character separate (segregate) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes

Question 12

Complete Dominance

Answer 12

occurs when phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical

Question 13

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 13

the phenotype of F1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties

Question 14

Codominance

Answer 14

two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways

Question 15

Example of Law of Segregation in Meiosis

Answer 15

Segregation of alleles corresponds to distribution of homologus chromosomes to different gametes

Question 16

Homozygous

Answer 16

two identical alleles

Question 17

Heterozygus

Answer 17

one dominant allele and one recessive allele

Question 18

Phenotype

Answer 18

physical

Question 19

Geneotype

Answer 19

genetic makeup

Question 20

Testcross

Answer 20

breeding unknown genotype with homozygous recessive individual

purpose: to determine genotype

Question 21

Monohybrid

Answer 21

One trait

Question 22

Dihybrid

Answer 22

two traits are observed

Question 23

Multiplication Rule

Answer 23

states that the probability that two or more independent events will occur together is the product of their individual probabilities

Question 24

Addition Rule

Answer 24

states that the probability that any one of two or more mutually exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding together their individual probabilities

Question 25

Pleiotropy

Answer 25

Most genes have multiple phenotypic effects

ex: Melanin affecting hair, eyes, and skin

Question 26

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 26

When one trait is controlled by more than one gene

Question 27

Pedigree

Answer 27

a family tree that describes the relationship

Question 28

Carrier

Answer 28

have gene but don’t display it