Ecology

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

the study of the interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their environment

Question 2

Organismal ecology

Answer 2

• studies how an organism’s structure, physiology, and (for animals) behavior meet environmental challenges (adaptations)

Question 3

Population Ecology

Answer 3

factors affecting population size over time

Question 4

Community Ecology

Answer 4

examines the effect of interspecific interactions on community structure and organization (populations with potential to interact)

Question 5

Ecosystem ecology

Answer 5

emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and the environment

Question 6

Landscape ecology

Answer 6

focuses on the exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms across multiple ecosystems

Question 7

Global ecology

Answer 7

examines the influence of energy and materials on organisms across the biosphere

Question 8

Biosphere

Answer 8

the global ecosystem, the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems and landscapes

Question 8

Density

Answer 8

the number of individuals per unit area or volume

Question 8

Demographics

Answer 8

the study of the vital statistics of a population and how they change over time

Question 8

Dispersion Definition

Answer 8

the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population

Question 9

What are the 3 dispersal patterns

Answer 9

• Clumped
• Uniform
• Random

Question 10

Clumped Pattern Characteristics

Answer 10

individuals aggregate in patches because of resource availabiity, mating behavior, group defense against predators

Question 11

Uniform Pattern Characteristics

Answer 11

• one in which individuals are evenly distributed
  caused by territoriality

Question 12

Territoriality

Answer 12

the defense of a bounded space against other individuals

Question 13

Random Pattern and Characteristics

Answer 13

• the position of each individual is independent of other individuals
• occurs in the absence of strong attractions or repulsions among individuals

Question 14

Equation for Population Size

Answer 14

N= s*n/x

where:
s - first batch and tagged
n - tagged and recaught
x - second batch
N - total amount

Question 15

Mark Recapture Method

Answer 15

• Scientists capture, tag, and release a random sample of individuals (s) in a population
• Marked individuals are given time to mix back into the population
• Scientists capture a second sample of individuals (n), and note how many of them are marked (x) to determine population increase

Question 16

Exponential Population Growth

Answer 16

population increase under idealized conditions

Question 17

Carrying Capacity

Answer 17

maximum population size the environment can support (affected by food, space, and predation)

Question 18

Overpopulation

Answer 18

when population exceed carrying capacity

Question 19

Competitive Exclusion

Answer 19

strong competition can lead to local elimination of a competing species

Question 20

Resource Partitioning

Answer 20

similar species coexist in a community because of ecological niches (one lives in trees and one lives on ground)

Question 21

Fundamental Niche

Answer 21

niche they usually ocuppy/ the one they want

Question 22

Realized Niche

Answer 22

niche actually occupied by that species under existing conditions (happens where there is too much competition)

Question 23

Temporal Partition

Answer 23

species coexist as one of them operates in daylight and under during night

Question 24

What is developing new adaptation in response to realized niche

Answer 24

character displacement

Question 25

Exploitation

Answer 25

interaction in which one species benefits by feeding on another