Memory - types of LTM Flashcards
who proposed the idea of different types of LTM?
Tulving (1985)
what are the 3 different types of LTM?
episodic, semantic and procedural
what is episodic memory?
recall of events, time stamped and takes conscious effort to recall
what is semantic memory?
knowledge of facts, conscious effort to recall
what is procedural memory?
skills and how to do things, no conscious effort needed to recall
what is the case study of Clive Wearing (CW) and how does it support Tulving’s idea?
hippocampus infected = severe amnesia
played piano amazingly but no recall of musical education, remembers he had children but no names, recognises and greets second wife as if he hasn’t seen her in years. he is unable to make memories and he has lost previous memories.
his procedural memory is still okay - supports Tulving’s idea
what is the case study of HM and how does it support Tulving’s idea?
epileptic surgery that removed the hippocampus that left him unable to encode info into LTM, remember how to do tasks but felt like the first time every time he did it. he performed well on memory span tests - STM. his semantic + procedural memory was not affected, only episodic. supports Tulving’s idea
what is the neuroimaging evidence for types of LTM?
Tulving et al (1994) got participants to perform various memory tasks while being scanned by a PET scanner and found episodic and semantic memories were both recalled from the prefrontal cortex; with semantic on the left and episodic on the right
evaluation of types of LTM?
+ identifying different types of LTM = being able to specifically treat different types of memory problems
- Buckner and Peterson got confliciting neuroimaging results to Tulving
- others believe there are only 2 types of LTM -> declarative (episodic+semantic) and non-declarative (procedural)
