Approaches - humanist approach Flashcards
conditions of worth
the standards that the individual must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others
congruence
state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar
hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs
humanistic
the belief that human beings are born with the desire to grow, create and to love, and have the power to direct their own lives
self -
our personal identity, used synonymously with the terms ‘self-image’ and ‘self-concept’.
self-actualisation
used in different ways. Rogers used it as the drive to realise one’s true potential. Maslow used it to describe the final stage of his hierarchy of needs
idiographic
everyone is unique, so there is no point trying to generalise behaviour because it’s different for everyone
holistic approach
doesn’t only look at one aspect of individuals, it focuses on the person’s whole life rather than just childhood (psychodynamic)
what do humanists believe about scientific method
it’s not appropriate to measure behaviour because humans are subjective and scientific methods are objective
free will
the idea that human beings are free to make their own choices, humanists believe in this but it is a difficult concept to prove
what are the stages in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization. must move up lower levels to reach self actualisation. self actualisation is not permanent.
how many people achieve self actualisation?
1%
what is the link between attitude and self-actualisation?
positive attitude makes self-actualisation more attainable. negative attitudes affect self concept and prevent personal growth
Carl Rogers
focuses on the 3 selves: the self concept, the ideal self and the real self
self-concept
the self you feel you are
ideal self
the self you wish to be
the real self
the self you actually are
self-actualisation (Rogers)
you have to be congruent to achieve it
unconditional positive regard
an attitude of total acceptance toward another person, important part of achieving congruence
the role of conditions of worth
requirements people believe they need to meet to be loved. can be perceived or real. can be gained directly or indirectly
client-centred therapy
increase clients self worth, decreases incongruence. client rather than patient -> viewed as professional rather than the therapist. focuses on present rather than past
evaluation of humanistic approach
+ new way to look at people’s needs
+ client-centred therapy has helped many people
+ hollistic -> doesn’t try to simplify or generalise
+ recognises influence of nature and nurture
- qualitative data = difficult to replicate, can be biased
- proposes positive view of humanity but not always realistic
- recognises free will but also said our behaviour is based on how others treat us = incoherent argument?
