Approaches - humanist approach

Question 1

conditions of worth

Answer 1

the standards that the individual must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others

Question 2

congruence

Answer 2

state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar

Question 3

hierarchy of needs

Answer 3

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs

Question 4

humanistic

Answer 4

the belief that human beings are born with the desire to grow, create and to love, and have the power to direct their own lives

Question 5

self -

Answer 5

our personal identity, used synonymously with the terms ‘self-image’ and ‘self-concept’.

Question 6

self-actualisation

Answer 6

used in different ways. Rogers used it as the drive to realise one’s true potential. Maslow used it to describe the final stage of his hierarchy of needs

Question 7

idiographic

Answer 7

everyone is unique, so there is no point trying to generalise behaviour because it’s different for everyone

Question 8

holistic approach

Answer 8

doesn’t only look at one aspect of individuals, it focuses on the person’s whole life rather than just childhood (psychodynamic)

Question 9

what do humanists believe about scientific method

Answer 9

it’s not appropriate to measure behaviour because humans are subjective and scientific methods are objective

Question 10

free will

Answer 10

the idea that human beings are free to make their own choices, humanists believe in this but it is a difficult concept to prove

Question 11

what are the stages in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 11

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization. must move up lower levels to reach self actualisation. self actualisation is not permanent.

Question 12

how many people achieve self actualisation?

Answer 12

1%

Question 13

what is the link between attitude and self-actualisation?

Answer 13

positive attitude makes self-actualisation more attainable. negative attitudes affect self concept and prevent personal growth

Question 14

Carl Rogers

Answer 14

focuses on the 3 selves: the self concept, the ideal self and the real self

Question 15

self-concept

Answer 15

the self you feel you are

Question 16

ideal self

Answer 16

the self you wish to be

Question 17

the real self

Answer 17

the self you actually are

Question 18

self-actualisation (Rogers)

Answer 18

you have to be congruent to achieve it

Question 19

unconditional positive regard

Answer 19

an attitude of total acceptance toward another person, important part of achieving congruence

Question 20

the role of conditions of worth

Answer 20

requirements people believe they need to meet to be loved. can be perceived or real. can be gained directly or indirectly

Question 21

client-centred therapy

Answer 21

increase clients self worth, decreases incongruence. client rather than patient -> viewed as professional rather than the therapist. focuses on present rather than past

Question 22

evaluation of humanistic approach

Answer 22

+ new way to look at people’s needs
+ client-centred therapy has helped many people
+ hollistic -> doesn’t try to simplify or generalise
+ recognises influence of nature and nurture
- qualitative data = difficult to replicate, can be biased
- proposes positive view of humanity but not always realistic
- recognises free will but also said our behaviour is based on how others treat us = incoherent argument?