Memory system Flashcards
How does the memory system support information processing
- It stores and retrieves information
- makes comparisons with previous movement experiences and selects which motor programme to retrieve in order to produce movement
Who created a diagram for the memory system
Baddeley and Hitch
What is the supervisory system called in the memory model
Cental executive and 3 slave systems
Give 5 characteristics of the central executive
- Maintains overall control
- Links with the long term memory
- Focuses and swtiches attention is required
- Has limited capacity
- Identifies which information goes to which sub-system
What are the 3 sub-systems to the central executive
- Phonological loop
- Visiospatial sketchpad
- Episodic buffer
What does the phonological loop deal with
- Auditory information
How does phonological loop work
Temporary storage system which creates a memory trace that is sent to the long term memory to trigger the motor programme
What will happen to the memory trace in the phonological loop is it is not rehearsed and give an example
- It will fade away
- You repeatedly say out loud the move in your trampoline routine so that you dont forget the order
What does the visiospatial sketchpad hold
- Holds visual and spatial information temporarily
- Stores kinaethesis information about how movement feels
Give example of visiospatial sketchpad function
Images of set plays and where you would be during the action
What does the episodic buffer hold
Three/four chunks or episodes
What does the episodic buffer do
- It allows differnt parts of the working memory system to talk to eachother and produces sequences of information to send to the LTM, which initiates a motor programme
- Also gathers perceptual info (flight of ball as you recieve a cross)
What does the working memory recieve
The relevant information that has been filtered away from the irrelevant information by selective attention
What is the limited capacity of the working memory
7 +/- 2 items for up to 30 seconds
What does working memory produce for current skill and what does it do with it
Produces a memory trace and compares it to information stored in the long term memory
What is the capacity of the LTM
Unlimited capacity and stores info for unlimited time
What happens once the LTM has sent a motor programme to the working memory
The motor programme is initiated
What are the 8 ways of ensuring effective storage
1) Chunking
2) Mental rehearsal/imagery
3) Reinforcers/rewards
4) Enjoyable/fun experiences
5) Practice/rehearsal
6) Linking/association with past experiences
7) Chaining
8) Meaningful information
Describe chunking
- Small groups of information should be put together and memorised as one
Advantage of chunking
It expands capacity of working memory
Disadvantage of chunking
Can cause info overload
Describe mental rehearsal/imagery
Visualising the skill or going over it mentally
Advantage of mental rehearsal/imagery
Enables learners to remember what is needed to perform the skill more easily
Disadvantage of mental rehearsal/imagery
Demonstration has to be accurate
Describe reinforcment/rewards
If learners recieve positive reinforcment after a correct response it is more likely to be repeated
Advantage of reinforcment/rewards
Performers are more likely to remember the information
Describe Enjoyable/fun experiences
If the learner has a positive experience that is presented to them in a new or distinctive way that they find interesting they are more likely to remember the information
Describe practice/rehearsal
Repetition overlearns or ‘grooves’ a skill
Advantage of practice/rehearsal
Helps to create a motor programme and enable it to be stored in the Long term memory
Describe Linking/association with past experiences
Relate the new information to that already stored
Give an example of Linking/association with past experiences
When learning to serve in tennis, link it to the basic overarm throw which the performer will have previously experienced
Describe chaining
Information should be presented in an organised manner
Give an example of chaining
When learning a tumble sequence, the elements should be presented together in order to make it easy for the learner to remember
Describe meaningful information
Information is more likely to be remembered if the learner understands its relevance to them and their performance.
