3.1, 3.2, 3.3 Flashcards
The pre-industrial era date
pre-1780
6 Socio-cultural factors that influenced the characteristics of pre-industrial Britain
Communications + transport were ltd, There was widespread illiteracy of lower class,The lower class experienced cruel existences whilst the upper class lived in comfort,There was v. little free time - work was mostly agricultural - long hours and few agricultural holidays,Class divisions in the 2-tier society (upper + lower class) - based on a feudal system, People lived in rural areas
Feudal system
A way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service/labour
Popular recreation definition
The sport + pastimes of people in pre-industrial Britain
Characteristics of popular recreation
LUCICROWS: L ocal - activities were specific to each community, U nwritten rules, C lass based - lower class participated, I lliterate - meant rules were basic, R ural, O ccasional - events were annual - during breaks in the agricultural calendar, W agering - bets were placed on sporting events by the upper class, S imple - a lack of complex equipment - they used available resources
Example of illiteracy affecting a popular recreation
Only rule in mob football was don’t murder
An example of simple resources used in mob football
open land
3 examples of popular recreation
Mob football + athletics + real tennis (but this didn’t reflect the characteristics of popular recreation)
Case study of mob football
Shrovetide mob football
Nickname for real tennis
‘sport of kings’
Why real tennis didn’t fit the characteristics of popular recreation
It was played by the upper class e.g. Henry VIII, It involved complex, written rules, Literate players could read + understand the complex rules, There was a high moral code - so it lacked violencee,The upper class had lots of free time - so it was a regular activity,It used expensive, purpose-built facilities + specialist equipment,It was non-local as the upper class could travel to participate
Athletics as a popular recreation
foot racing
A patron
A member of the upper class who looked after a lower class performer e.g. by arranging competitions for them to participate in, giving prize money + looking after the performer’s welfare
Activities (popular recreation) involved in festival occasions in pre-industrial Britain
Athletic events e.g. running, hurdles + football
Foot racing
A form of competitive running/walking in the 17th + 18th centuries involving endurance events, Footmen (hired servants by the upper class) competed as messengers for their speed across the land,The gentry wagered on how many miles they would cover in a set amount of time
What foot racing evolved into
pedestrianism
Why the upper class were happy to act as patrons to the lower class performers
Success in athletics meant an increase in social status for someone
The gentry
The upper class
Pedestrianism
race walking
Rational recreation
19th century sporting pastimes for the lower class that were designed by the middle class to be well ordered, organized + controlled,Involves the post-industrial development of sport for the masses, Was characterized by a number of features e.g. respectability, regularity, strict administration + codification
Examples of rational recreation
The Wenlock Olympian Games, the modern Olympic Games, association football, lawn tennis + track + field athletics
1850 - The Wenlock Agricultural Reading Society (WARS)
They wanted to form an Olympian Class to promote moral, physical + intellectual improvements, especially for the lower class people of Wenlock. They promoted this through participation in outdoor recreation challenges
The Wenlock Olympian Society (the Olympian Class)
Started in 1860
Dr William Penny Brookes
The founder of the Wenlock Olympian Games in 1850 (the forerunner to the modern Olympic Games), He was inspired to create the event because of his work as a doctor in Much Wenlock, Shropshire,He + the Wenlock Olympian Society campaigned for P.E to be on the school curriculum + promoted benefits of sport + exercise nationally